Wiktionary

ci

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ci"

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Borrowed from Mandarin 詞／词 (cí).

Noun

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ci (uncountable)

  1. One of the Classical Chinese poetry forms

Anagrams

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Aka (Central Africa)

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Noun

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ci

  1. water

Further reading

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  • Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989) (cí, cì)
  • [1] (ɕi)

Balinese

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Romanization

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ci

  1. Romanization of ᬘᬶ

Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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cí

  1. thatch, especially of the species Diheteropogon grandiflorus

Etymology 2

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Noun

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cí

  1. commission, errand
  2. message, order
  3. mission, task, assignment
    ò cí bɛ́ í kàn
    it is your duty
  4. work, labor (especially agricultural)
    cí kɛ́
    to work in the fields
  5. usefulness, utility
    cí tɛ́ nìn ná
    that's useless

Verb

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cí

  1. to send, charge with a mission
    sɛ́bɛn cí mɔ̀gɔ mà
    to send a letter to someone

Etymology 3

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Verb

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cì

  1. to hit
    fíyɛn bɛ́ cì
    the wind is blowing
    fàli cì
    to hit an donkey
  2. to break
    à y'á kùn cì
    He knocked him unconscious
  3. to destroy
  4. to split, divide, cut
    dɔ́gɔ cì
    to split wood
  5. to burst, explode with a loud noise
    màrifa cì
    to fire off a round (with a gun)
  6. to trace, tattoo
    bála cì
    to plot an area of a field to be hoed
    tùgu cì
    to vaccinate in the arm

Noun

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cì

  1. line, stroke
  2. tattoo

Corsican

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Etymology

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Ultimately from either Latin hīc (“here”) or hinc (“from here”). Akin to Italian ci; see there for more. Compare Sicilian cci.

Adverb

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ci

  1. there

Pronoun

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ci

  1. us (both direct and indirect object)

See also

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Corsican personal pronouns
Nominative Dative Accusative Disjunctive
Singular 1st person eiu mi mè
2nd person tù ti tè
3rd person m ellu li u, l' ellu
3rd person f ella a, l' ella
Plural 1st person noi ci noi
2nd person voi vi voi
3rd person m elli li i, l' elli
3rd person f elle e, l' elle

References

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Dalmatian

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Etymology

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From Latin quem. Compare Portuguese quem, Romanian cine, Spanish quien, Romansch che, Sardinian chíne.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ci

  1. who

Dhimal

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Noun

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ci

  1. water

Further reading

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  • John T. King, A Grammar of Dhimal

Esperanto

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Etymology

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From Italian or French tu, Russian ты (ty), etc., plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [t͡si]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ci

Pronoun

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ci (accusative cin, possessive cia)

  1. (rare) thou, you (second-person informal singular pronoun)
    • 1905, Ludoviko Lazaro Zamenhof, Fundamento de Esperanto:
      Mi legas. — Ci skribas (anstataŭ “ci” oni uzas ordinare “vi”).
      I read. — Thou writest (instead of “ci” one ordinarily uses “vi”.)
    • 1899, Felikso Zamenhof, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      Ekamis la konato / Kaj reciproke ŝi; / Post paso de monato / Ŝanĝiĝis »Vi« per »ci«.
      Her acquaintance fell in love / and reciprocally she; / after the passage of a month / "You" changed into "thee".
    • 1907, Henri Vallienne, Kastelo de Prelongo, ch. 6:
      Cia sintenado estos vere fiera, li moke murmuretis en ŝian orelon, kiam ci estos vekinta la tutan loĝantaron.
      Thine attitude shall be truly proud, he mockingly whispered into her ear, when thou shalt have awakened the whole population.

Usage notes

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Some people believe that this word was used in the past and then became archaic, but this is not true. Actually, this word has never been in common usage; Zamenhof advised against using 'ci' as early as the Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia, published in 1888. Many Esperantists don't even understand it. Some authors have used 'ci' to portray archaic language, for translations, and for stylistic effects. This usage is criticized by other writers.

  • Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia; Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Lingvaj Respondoj; Bertilo Wennergren, Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (PMEG); Bernard Golden, La Gazeto #11, June 15, 1987; Zlatko Tisjlar, Frekvencmorfemaro de Parolata Esperanto.

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Late Latin ecce hīc.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ci

  1. (in compounds, else archaic) Alternative form of ici (“here”)
  2. (after a noun) see -ci

Derived terms

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References

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Hausa

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Etymology

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From Proto-Chadic, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *taʔ- (“to eat, especially something soft, to close lips, especially loosely”). Compare Akkadian 𒋫𒀪𒌑 (ta-ʔu-u2 /⁠ta'u⁠/, “to eat”), Mehri tewō (“eat”), Arabic تَأْتَأَ (taʔtaʔa, “to stammer, to stutter, to reduplicate sounds, to mumble or move lips”), and with varying Berber forms Tamahaq ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Tarifit ⵜⵜ (tǝtt), Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵛ (tc), and Kabyle teṭṭ (pharyngeal-coloring found as well in the Arabic variant تَعْتَعَ (taʕtaʕa), and in that sense possible further connections to طَعِمَ (ṭaʕima, “to taste”) and عَضَّ (ʕaḍḍa, “to bite”)).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃí/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [t͡ʃɪ́]

Verb

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ci (grade Ø)

  1. to eat, to eat soft things

Ido

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ci

  1. Alternative form of ici (“these”)

Pronoun

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ci

  1. Alternative form of ici (“these”)

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃi]
  • Hyphenation: ci

Etymology 1

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From Xiamen Hokkien 錢／钱 (chîⁿ, “mace”).

Noun

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ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)

  1. (obsolete) weight unit: 1/10 tahil (for opium).

Etymology 2

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From Sundanese ᮎᮤ (ci), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.

Noun

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ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)

  1. river (large stream which drains a landmass)
Synonyms
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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ci (first-person possessive ciku, second-person possessive cimu, third-person possessive cinya)

  1. alternative form of encik.
  2. alternative form of taci (“elder sister”).

Further reading

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Interlingua

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ci

  1. here (at this place)

Italian

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Etymology 1

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From Latin cē (the name of the letter C).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (most common outside of Tuscany) /ˈt͡ʃi/*
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Hyphenation: cì

Noun

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ci f (invariable)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.; cee
See also
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Further reading

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  • ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

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Uncertain. Rohlfs[1] and Von Wartburg[2] favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden[3] casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.)[4] Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani,[5] on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃi/, (Sicily, Calabria) */t͡ʃi/
  • Hyphenation: ci

Pronoun

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ci

  1. us
    Loro ci conoscono ― They know us
  2. (reflexive) ourselves; each other
    Ci arrabbiamo ― We (ourselves) get angry
    Ci amiamo ― We love each other
  3. to us
    Lui ci ha detto questo ― He said this to us
  4. replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one
    Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.
    Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.
    One gets bored when there is nothing to do.
  5. it, to it
    Non ci credo. ― I do not believe it.
Usage notes
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  • Becomes ce when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
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Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Combined Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1 		glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Adverb

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ci

  1. to there, here, there
    Synonym: vi (formal)
    Ci sono andato ― I have been there
    Ci siamo ― We're here
    Ci sono molte cose ― There are many things
    C'è un problema ― There is a problem
  2. forms part of many verbs:
    volerci ― to require/take
    abituarci ― to get used to it
    riuscirci ― to be able to do it
    entrarci ― to do with something
    contarci ― to count on it
    pensarci ― to think about it
    starci ― to agree / to be up for something
    farcela ― to manage to do something
    crederci ― to believe it
See also
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References

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  1. ^ Rohlfs, Gerhard. 1969. Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti, vol. 3: Sintassi e formazione delle parole. Torino: Einaudi. §899.
  2. ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “hīc”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 425
  3. ^ Maiden, Martin. 1995. A linguistic history of Italian. London: Longman. §9.1.1.
  4. ^ ci in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
  5. ^ ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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ci m (uncountable)

  1. the Twi language family

Further reading

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  • ci1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
  • ci2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
  • ci3 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Kangjia

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mongolic *ci, compare Mongolian чи (či), Dongxiang chi.

Pronoun

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ci

  1. you

Kanuri

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Noun

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ci

  1. mouth

Latin

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Verb

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cī

  1. second-person singular present active imperative of ciō

Malay

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ci

Etymology

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From Sundanese ᮎᮤ (ci).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ci (Jawi spelling چي, plural ci-ci, informal 1st possessive ciku, 2nd possessive cimu, 3rd possessive cinya)

  1. river (large stream which drains a landmass)

Synonyms

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Further reading

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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ci

  1. Nonstandard spelling of cī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of cí.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of cǐ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of cì.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Noone

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Verb

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ci

  1. strike

Synonyms

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References

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Nupe

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ci

  1. Used to order actions temporally: then; and
    Musa à bá nakàn yínna, Gàná ci à gí eci yínna ― Musa will cut meat today, and Gana will eat yam today

Usage notes

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  • ci is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which tò is used. Additionally, when ci is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.

See also

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Old French

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Etymology

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From Late Latin ecce hīc.

Adverb

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ci

  1. here (in this place)

Descendants

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  • French: ici, ci

Old Irish

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Pronoun

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ci

  1. Alternative form of cía

Conjunction

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ci

  1. Alternative form of cía

Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /t͡ɕi/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -i
  • Syllabification: ci

Etymology 1

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ti.

Pronoun

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ci

  1. short dative singular of ty.

Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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ci m

  1. virile nominative plural of ten

Romanian

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Etymology

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From ce.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ci

  1. (adversative) but; so that; on the contrary, opposite
    Nici eu, ci el. ― Not I, but he.

See also

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Sicilian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Akin to Italian ci; see there for more.

Adverb

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ci

  1. here, there

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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ci

  1. dative of iddu (“he”); to him
  2. dative of idda (“she”); to her
  3. dative of iddi (“they”); to them
Usage notes
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  • Unlike in Italian, the Sicilian pronoun ci is not used for the first-person plural ('us'). The Sicilian equivalent is ni.
Inflection
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3rd person m f pl
nominative iddu idda iddi
prepositional iddu idda iddi
accusative lu la li
dative ci ci ci
reflexive si si si

Tarantino

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Pronoun

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ci (relative)

  1. who

Tedim Chin

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Etymology

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *tsii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tsji.

Noun

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ci

  1. salt

References

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  • Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Venetian

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Etymology

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From Latin quis (compare Italian chi).

Pronoun

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ci (interrogative)

  1. who?

Usage notes

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  • Redoubled for reinforcement.
    Ci èlo ci?
    Who on earth is he?

Walloon

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Etymology

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From Old French cist, from Latin ecce istum (< iste).

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ci (after an open syllabe : ç', feminine : cisse, masculine form before vowel : cist, feminine form before vowel : ciste, plural : ces)

  1. this
    Ci rotch
    This rock
    C' est ç' rotch-ci
    It's this rock
    Cist ome
    This man
    Cisse gayole
    This box
    Ciste afwaire
    This affair
    Ces måjhons
    These houses

Pronoun

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ci (before a vowel : c', alternative form : çou)

  1. it, this
    Ci m' fwait må
    It hurts me
    C' est on ome
    It a man

Welsh

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ci

Etymology

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From Proto-Brythonic *ki, from Proto-Celtic *kū, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ci m (plural cŵn)

  1. dog

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
ci gi nghi chi
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

White Hmong

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ci

  1. to cook, to roast, to toast
  2. to glow, to shine

Zhuang

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).

Noun

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ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. vehicle

Classifier

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ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. carload of; cartload of; truckload of

Verb

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ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. to sew with a sewing machine
  2. to machine on a lathe

Etymology 2

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From Chinese 吹 (MC tsyhwe).

Verb

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ci (Sawndip form 𫩝, 1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. (intransitive, of wind) to blow
    Synonyms: (dialectal) baed, (dialectal) daet, (dialectal) boq, (dialectal) coi
  2. (transitive) to blow
    Synonym: (dialectal) baed
  3. (transitive) to play (a wind instrument)
  4. (transitive) to pump (a bellows)
    Synonyms: (dialectal) daz, (dialectal) boz

Etymology 3

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From Chinese 催 (MC tshwoj).

Verb

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ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. to urge
    Synonyms: (dialectal) cui, (dialectal) dok

Etymology 4

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From Chinese 支 (MC tsye).

Classifier

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ci (1957–1982 spelling ci)

  1. Used for stick-like objects.
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