le
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): (usual pronunciation, like French) /lə/; also (esp. US or online) /leɪ/, (rarely) /li/, (emulating Parisian French) /lø/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -e
Article edit
le
- (informal, humorous) The.
- 1949, Michael Maltese, For Scent-imental Reasons, spoken by Penelope Pussycat:
- Le mew. Le purr.
- 1996 September 28, Game Freak, Pokémon Blue, Nintendo, level/area: S.S. Anne:
- Waiter: 'Bonjour! I am le waiter on this ship! [...] Ah! Le strong silent type!'
- 2012 October 1, Miranda Kenneally, Stealing Parker, Sourcebooks, Inc., →ISBN, page 63:
- That's when Waitress Seductress Extraordinaire comes back and gets our order. […] "We're sharing an order of à la Appalachia, he says, handing over the menus and turning his focus back to me. Le waitress stomps off. I ask, "Why are they called that?" "Because when they've got the fries stacked up they're higher than a mountain range." I groan and touch my stomach. "You're funny," he says, his eyes twinkling.
Usage notes edit
Marks the speaker as pretending to be stereotypically French. For additional jocular effect, may be used where neither English nor French would place a definite article.
Related terms edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
le
- (obsolete) Next to, near (still used in some place names).
- Chester-le-Street is a town in County Durham near an old Roman road.
- Witton-le-Wear, Dalton-le-Dale, Hetton-le-Hole
Anagrams edit
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
lé
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of le (irregular) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st singular | 2nd singular | 3rd singular | 1st plural | 2nd plural | 3rd plural | ||||
m | f | ||||||||
present indicative I | V-affirmative | liyóh | litóh | léh | léh | linóh | litoonúh | loonúh | |
N-affirmative | liyó | litó | lé | lé | linó | litón | lón | ||
negative | máliyo, máyyu | málito, mántu | máli | máli | málino, mánnu | máliton | málon | ||
present indicative II | affirmative present indicative I + imperfective of én | ||||||||
past indicative I | lúk + perfective of én | ||||||||
past indicative II | lúk + perfective of sugé | ||||||||
present potential |
affirmative | liyóm takkéh | litóm takkéh | lém takkéh | lém takkéh | linóm takkéh | litoonúm takkéh | loonúm takkéh | |
past conditional |
affirmative | lúk + past conditional of sugé | |||||||
-h converb | -k converb | -in(n)uh converb | infinitive | ||||||
líh | lúk | línnuh | líyya |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 284
Albanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Jussive particle le (“let”) corresponds with 2nd person/singular Aorist form of Albanian lë (“to let/leave (go/behind)”); le (“you let/left (go/behind)”). From Proto-Albanian *laide (“let”).[1] Identical to Baltic permissive and optative particles Latvian lai (“to let”), Lithuanian laĩ, Old Prussian -lai.[2][3][4][5]
Cognate to Albanian lihem (“to be left; allowed”) (Standard & Tosk), Gheg Albanian lêhem, lêna (passive forms of active lë).[6][7]
Verb edit
le (aorist láshë, participle lënë)
- second-person singular aorist active indicative of lë
- second-person singular aorist passive indicative of lihem
Particle edit
le (+)
- (jussive) let
- Jussive modal particle used before verbs. A gentle way to express orders, instructions or to ask for approval/permission. Jussive construction:
- 1. jussive particle → le (“let”)
- 2. + subjunctive particle → të (“it”)
- 3. + → subjunctive verb form (present, imperfect, perfect or past perfect). See also (*) for irregular verbs.
- Examples: third-person singular present active jussive of marr:
- third-person singular present passive jussive of merrem:
- third-person singular present active jussive of shkoj:
- third-person plural present active jussive of shkoj:
- third-person singular present active jussive of flas:
- third-person plural present active jussive of flas:
- (*) Irregular verb:
- Example: third-person singular present active jussive of jam:
- Jussive modal particle used before verbs. A gentle way to express orders, instructions or to ask for approval/permission. Jussive construction:
- (subjunctive) + që (“that”) → subjunctive: not only that; if only; would that
- Le që... ― Not only that...
- (Gheg, subjunctive) → mostly + se (“that”) instead of që (“id”): not only that; if only; would that
- Le se... ― Not only that...
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “le”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 215
- ^ Camarda, Demetrio (1864) Saggio di grammatologia comparata sulla lingua albanese (in Italian), Livorno: Successore di Egisto Vignozzi, page 255
- ^ Gjergj Pekmezi (1908) Grammar of the Albanian language, transl., Grammatik der albanesischen Sprache (in German), Albanesicher Verein Dija (Albanian Association Dija), Wien - Austria, pages 76-77
- ^ Ernst Fraenkel (1962) Lithuanian Etymological Dictionary, transl., Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), C. Winter, page 329
- ^ Çabej, Eqrem (1976) “le”, in Studime Gjuhësore II, Studime Etimologjike në Fushë të Shqipes, Prishtinë: Rilindja, page 3120
- ^ Mann, Stuart E. (1977) An Albanian Historical Grammar[1], Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, →ISBN, page 137
- ^ Stuart Edward Mann (1932) A Short Albanian Grammar with Vocabularies, and Selected Passages for Reading, D. Nutt (A.G. Berry), pages 34, 40
Further reading edit
- Oda Buchholz, Wilfried Fiedler, Gerda Uhlisch (2000) Langenscheidt Handwörterbuch Albanisch, Langenscheidt Verlag, →ISBN, page 273 (juss. particle ¹le / ²le (+ që) → subjunc. / verb ³le 2nd p./sg. aor. of lë)
- [7] jussive particle le (engl. let) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
- [8] conjugation active verb lë (e kryera e thjeshtë (engl. Aorist): 1st/sg) lashë; (2nd/sg) le; (3rd/sg) la; (1st/pl) lamë; (2nd/pl) latë; (3rd/pl) lanë) • Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Albanian *laida, an ostensibly o-grade thematic present from the root *leyd- (“to let go, release”).
Verb edit
le needs inflection
- (dialectal) to give birth, bear
Related terms edit
References edit
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “lej”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 217
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 56: “nascere” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
Aragonese edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
le
- (to) him (indirect object)
Synonyms edit
Bourguignon edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Article edit
Breton edit
Noun edit
le ? (plural leou)
Cornish edit
From Proto-Brythonic *lleɣ, from Proto-Celtic *legyom. Cognate to Welsh lle and Breton lec'h.
Noun edit
le m (plural leow)
- place, location
- Pur vysi yw an le ma der an hav.
- This place is very busy through the summer.
- space, seat
- Eus le yn an park kerri na?
- Is there a space in that car park?
- Res yw dhywgh ragerghi le rag an kyttrin leel.
- You need to book a seat for the local bus.
Derived terms edit
Corsican edit
Etymology edit
From Latin illae, feminine plural of ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle. Cognates include Italian le (“the, them”) and French les (“the, them”).
Article edit
le
Pronoun edit
le
References edit
Dalmatian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin illae, nominative feminine plural of ille.
Article edit
le f pl
Related terms edit
Danish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse lé (“scythe”), from Proto-Germanic *lewô, cognate with Norwegian ljå and Swedish lie.
Noun edit
le c (singular definite leen, plural indefinite leer)
- scythe (farm tool)
Inflection edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse hlæja, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, cognate with English laugh and German lachen.
Verb edit
le (imperative le, present ler, past lo, past participle leet or let)
- to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)
Conjugation edit
See also edit
- le on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
- Le (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Fala edit
Etymology edit
Pronoun edit
le
Usage notes edit
- Takes the form -li when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References edit
French edit
Etymology edit
From Middle French le, from Old French le, from Latin illum, by dropping il- and -m. Latin illum is the accusative singular of ille.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /lə/
- (Paris) IPA(key): /lø/
- (before a word starting with a vowel) IPA(key): /l‿/
audio: (file) - (Louisiana) IPA(key): /ɛl/
- Rhymes: -ə
Article edit
le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les)
- the (definite article)
- Le lait du matin. ― The milk of the morning.
- Used before abstract nouns; not translated in English.
- L’amour est aveugle.
- Used before the names of most countries, many subnational regions, and other geographical names including names of lakes and streets; not translated into English in most cases.
- Je vais visiter le Canada l’année prochaine, surtout l’Ontario et le Québec.
- I will be visiting Canada next year, especially Ontario and Quebec.
- La place Rouge se trouve au cœur de Moscou.
- Red Square is located in the heart of Moscow.
- (before parts of the body) the; my, your, etc.
- Il s’est cassé la jambe. ― He has broken his leg.
- (before units) a, an, per
- cinquante kilomètres à l’heure ― fifty kilometres an hour
- trois dollars le morceau ― three dollars per piece
- (before dates) on
- Je suis née le 1er juillet 1967. ― I was born on July 1, 1967.
Usage notes edit
- le becomes l’ before a vowel or an unaspirated h.
- l’amour ― love
- l’homme ― the man
- When the article le is preceded by the prepositions de or à, *de le or *à le is not used; instead, it is always contracted into du or au, respectively. Likewise, *de les and *à les are replaced by des and aux. However, la may be preceded by de and à.
- Il a une cicatrice au visage. ― He has a scar on the face. / He has a scar on his face.
- *de le and *à le become de l' and à l' respectively in front of a vowel or an unaspirated h.
Pronoun edit
le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les)
- (direct object) him, it
- Où est Malik ? Je ne le vois pas.
- Where is Malik? I don't see him.
- Mon sac ? Je vais le mettre dans la voiture.
- My bag? I'm going to put it in the car.
- used to refer to something previously mentioned or implied; not translated in English
- Je suis petit et lui, il l’est aussi. ― I am small and he is too (literally, “... and he is it too”)
Usage notes edit
- Unlike the definite article le, the pronouns le and les may be preceded by the prepositions de and à: Je cherchais à le voir. ― I was trying to see him.
Related terms edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||
Gender neutral5 | iel | lea | ellui | |||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | eux | |
Feminine | elles | elles | ||||
Gender neutral5 | iels | elleux |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
- 5 Colloquial, and not in popular use.
References edit
- ^ Dauzat, Albert with Jean Dubois, Henri Mitterand (1964) “le, la, les”, in Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique (in French), Paris: Librairie Larousse
Further reading edit
- “le”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian edit
Pronoun edit
le (third person feminine direct object)
Related terms edit
Fula edit
Particle edit
le
References edit
- Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
- Richard Smith, Urs Niggli, Dictionnaire fulfulde - anglais - français, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2016.
Galician edit
Verb edit
le
- inflection of ler:
Garifuna edit
Article edit
le
- masculine definite article
- Mutu le ― The man
Antonyms edit
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
le (comparative lejjebb)
Usage notes edit
This term may also be part of the split form of a verb prefixed with le-, occurring when the main verb does not follow the prefix directly. It can be interpreted only with the related verb form, irrespective of its position in the sentence, e.g. meg tudták volna nézni (“they could have seen it”, from megnéz). For verbs with this prefix, see le-; for an overview, Appendix:Hungarian verbal prefixes.
Further reading edit
- le in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Anagrams edit
Ido edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Article edit
le (plural)
- the (used only when there is no other sign of plurality, for example with nominalized adjectives)
- Yen pomi, prenez le bona e lasez le mala.
- Here's apples, take the good ones and leave the bad ones.
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
le (plural le-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter L/l.
See also edit
Interlingua edit
Article edit
le
Usage notes edit
Pronoun edit
le m (plural les)
- him (direct object)
- Io le appella mi amico. ― I call him my friend.
Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
- lé (superseded)
Etymology edit
From a conflation of two Early Modern Irish prepositions:
- re (“to”), from Old Irish fri, from Proto-Celtic *writ- (compare Welsh wrth, prefix gwrth-), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) (compare Latin versus (“against”)).
- le (“with”), from Old Irish la, from Proto-Celtic *let-, from Proto-Celtic *letos (“side”) (compare leath, Welsh lled).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
le (plus dative, triggers h-prothesis, before the definite article leis)
- with
- le héadach ― with clothing
- used in conjunction with the copula particle is and a noun to indicate possession
- Is liomsa an hata.
- The hat is mine; the hat belongs to me.
- Is le Cáit an peann luaidhe.
- The pencil is Cáit’s; the pencil belongs to Cáit.
- (in conjunction with the copula particle is and an adjective) in the opinion of, in the consideration of
- Is beag liom an cheist.
- The issue is unimportant to me/in my opinion.
- to (indicating purpose; in this sense triggering eclipsis of ithe (“eating”) and ól (“drinking”))
- rud le n-ithe ― something to eat
- oiriúnach le n-ól ― fit to drink
- ró-the le n-ól ― too hot to drink
- to (after a verb of speaking)
- Níl sé ina lá (Irish traditional song):
- Is é dúirt sí liom “ní bhfaighidh tú deor. / Buail an bóthar is gabh abhaile.”
- And what she said to me was, “you won’t get a drop. / Hit the road and go home.”
- Níl sé ina lá (Irish traditional song):
- in order to
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
See Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (le)
See also edit
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “le”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fri”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “la”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- “le”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin illae, which is the nominative plural feminine of ille.[1]
Article edit
Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
le f pl (singular la)
Usage notes edit
- Contrary to la, le does not elide before words that begin with a vowel:
- le amiche ― (the female) friends
Pronoun edit
le f pl (masculine li, singular la)
- (accusative) them (third-person plural feminine)
- Le ho viste. ― I saw them.
Usage notes edit
- Never elides.
- Becomes glie when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
Alternative forms edit
- -le (enclitic)
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 2 edit
From Vulgar Latin *illae, a nonstandard form of Latin illī (dative singular of illa). The ae in illae is modelled under influence of the dative case for first-declension feminine nouns, e.g. Classical Latin puellae.
Pronoun edit
le f (plural gli)
- (dative) her, to her
- Synonym: (informal) gli
- Le ho detto che la amo. ― I told her that I love her.
- Le ho dato la lettera. ― I gave her the letter.
- (dative) you, to you (term of respect)
- Non le ho detto il mio nome. ― I didn't tell you my name.
- Le ho dato la lettera. ― I gave you the letter.
Usage notes edit
- In formal writing, when le is used as term of respect it is usually capitalised/capitalized as Le to avoid confusion with le (“her”).
- In informal contexts often replaced with gli, especially in spoken language.
- Becomes glie when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
- Never elides.
Alternative forms edit
See also edit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
References edit
Anagrams edit
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
le
Maltese edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic لَا (lā). Cognate with Hebrew לא (lō).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
le
Related terms edit
See also edit
Mandarin edit
Romanization edit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 了
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 餎/饹
le
- Nonstandard spelling of lē.
- Nonstandard spelling of lè.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mauritian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
le
- (definite) the
Meriam edit
Etymology edit
From Rotuman.
Noun edit
le
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French le, from Latin illum.
Article edit
le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les)
Descendants edit
- French: le
Neapolitan edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
le
- Alternative form of 'e
Coordinate terms edit
Number | Person | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Reflexive | Possessive | Prepositional |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first-person | io (i') | me | mìo, mìa, mieje, meje | me, méne | ||
second-person, familiar | tu | te | tùjo, tòja, tùoje, tòje | te, téne | |||
second-person, formal | vuje | ve | vuósto, vósta, vuóste, vóste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsso | 'o, 'u (lo, lu) | 'i, 'e (li, le) | se | sùjo, sòja, sùoje, sòje | ìsso | |
third-person, feminine | éssa | 'a (la) | 'e (le) | éssa | |||
plural | first-person | nuje | ce | nuósto, nòsta, nuóste, nòste | nuje | ||
second-person, plural | vuje | ve | vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsse | 'i, 'e (li, le) | llòro | se | llòro (invariable) | llòro | |
third-person, feminine | llòro | 'e (le) |
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
Adjective edit
le (indeclinable)
Noun edit
le n
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *klek-, *kleg- (“to shout”).
Verb edit
le (imperative le, present tense ler, passive -, simple past lo, past participle ledd, present participle leende)
- to laugh
References edit
- “le” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”),[1] from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną, from the Proto-Indo-European root *klel-, *kleg- (“to shout”). Akin to English laugh.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
le (present tense ler, past tense lo, supine ledd or lett, past participle ledd, present participle leande, imperative le)
- (intransitive) to laugh
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse hlé.[1] Akin to English lee.
Noun edit
le n (definite singular leet, indefinite plural le, definite plural lea)
Adjective edit
le (indeclinable)
Etymology 3 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
le
- imperative of lea
References edit
Anagrams edit
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
- lo (9th century in The Sequence of Saint Eulalia and 10th century in La Vie de Saint Léger)
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
le
- the (masculine singular oblique definite article)
- (Picardy, Anglo-Norman) the (feminine singular definite article)
Usage notes edit
When coming after en, the two words combine into el.
Inflection edit
Pronoun edit
le
- it (masculine singular object pronoun)
Descendants edit
Anagrams edit
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *le.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
le
- but
- only
- 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[13], [14], [15], volume XXII, page 235:
- Bo yako gymyenya wyeloscz a czczi tego swyata nabiczye cziny ludzi nadąte a pischne, tako potąpyenye a vbostwo, le skromne, czini vbogye duchem
- [Bo jako jimienia wielość a czci tego świata nabycie czyni ludzi nadęte a pyszne, tako potępienie a ubostwo, le skromne, czyni ubogie duchem]
- that is, namely
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[16], page 546:
- Gorze temv, lye duschy y czyalv ktorego..., yen nye zdradzyl
- [Gorze temu, le duszy i ciału [ktorego] [tego]..., jen mnie zdradził]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa[17], page 599:
- Iesus... dluzey począl szye modlycz, lye przeto dluzey szye modly, yze blyzey ku smyerczy ydzye
- [Jesus... dłużej począł sie modlić, le przeto dłużej sie modli, iże bliżej ku śmierci idzie]
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Middle Polish: le
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “le”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Phalura edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- that, this (agr: dist fem / dist non-nom masc)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[18], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- those, these (agr: dist)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[19], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- that one
- it
- she (dist fem nom)
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[20], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
le (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling لےۡ)
- those ones
- these ones
- they (dist nom)
References edit
Pnar edit
< 2 | 3 | 4 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : le Ordinal : wa le | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Khasian *laːj. Cognate with Khasi lai. Compare Proto-Palaungic *ləʔɔːj (whence Blang [La Gang] lɔ́j) and Car Nicobarese lōe.
Pronunciation edit
Numeral edit
le
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin illīs, dative common plural of ille.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
le m (unstressed dative form of ei)
- (indirect object, third-person masculine plural) to them (all-male or mixed group)
Pronoun edit
le f (unstressed dative form of ele)
- (indirect object, third-person feminine plural) to them (all-female group)
Pronoun edit
le m (unstressed accusative form of ele)
- (direct object, third-person feminine plural) them (all-female group)
Related terms edit
Samoan edit
Article edit
le
- the (the definite article)
Usage notes edit
Only in the singular. Sometimes used where the indefinite article would be used in English.
See also edit
Scottish Gaelic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Irish la. Cognates include Irish le and Manx lesh.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
le (+ dative, no mutation, before the definite article leis)
- with
- by
- down
- Thuit e leis a' chreig. ― He fell down the rock.
- deòir a' ruith leis a h-aodann ― tears running down her face
Usage notes edit
- When referring to being with people, còmhla ri is preferred to le by many speakers.
Inflection edit
Personal inflection of le | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Simple | Emphatic | ||||||
Singular | 1st | leam | leamsa | ||||||
2nd | leat | leatsa | |||||||
3rd m | leis | leis-san | |||||||
3rd f | leatha | leathase | |||||||
Plural | 1st | leinn | leinne | ||||||
2nd | leibh | leibhse | |||||||
3rd | leotha | leothasan |
Serbo-Croatian edit
Adverb edit
le (Cyrillic spelling ле)
- (archaic) only
- 1556, Hanibal Lucić, U vrime ko čisto:
- Nego se varteći dugo tuj zamani,
Goro, le htih reći, zbogome ostani.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Related terms edit
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
lȅ
Further reading edit
- “le”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun edit
le
- these; class 4 proximal demonstrative.
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun edit
le
- this; class 9 proximal demonstrative.
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
From Latin illī, dative of ille.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
le m or f by sense
- to him, for him; dative of él
- Mi mamá va a escribirle una carta.
- My mom is going to write him a letter.
- to her, for her; dative of ella
- Le dio un beso a Ana.
- He gave Ana a kiss.
- to it, for it; dative of ello
- ¡Ponle esfuerzo!
- Put some effort into it!
- to you, for you (formal); dative of usted
- ¿A usted le gustan los caballos?
- Do you like horses?
Usage notes edit
- Though le is usually the indirect object form of the direct object pronouns lo/la, it is often used in Spain as a direct object as well...e.g., yo le amo (“I love him”). This phenomenon is known as leísmo.
- Note that when a sentence contains a noun that is an indirect object, a redundant indirect object le (or its plural form les) is also required; for example yo le daré el libro a Jorge (literally “I will give him the book to Jorge”), where him/le corresponds to Jorge. This type of pronoun is obligatory. Both of the object pronouns le and les become se when followed by the direct object lo/la/los/las; hence, yo se lo daré (“I will give it to him/her/them”) rather than *yo le/les lo daré.
Pronoun edit
le gender-neutral
- (gender-neutral, neologism) to them, for them (singular); dative of elle
- Le diré que te llame.
- I will tell them to call you.
See also edit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further reading edit
- “le”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Kenya): (file)
Adjective edit
-le (declinable)
- that (distal demonstrative adjective)
Inflection edit
Noun class | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
m-wa class(I/II) | yule | wale |
m-mi class(III/IV) | ule | ile |
ji-ma class(V/VI) | lile | yale |
ki-vi class(VII/VIII) | kile | vile |
n class(IX/X) | ile | zile |
u class(XI) | ule | see n(X) or ma(VI) class |
pa class(XVI) | pale | |
ku class(XVII) | kule | |
mu class(XVIII) | mle |
See also edit
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish lēia, lea, from Old Norse hlæja (“to laugh”), from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
le (present ler, preterite log, supine lett, imperative le)
Conjugation edit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | le | les | ||
Supine | lett | letts | ||
Imperative | le | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | len | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | ler | log | les | logs |
Ind. plural1 | le | logo | les | logos |
Subjunctive2 | le | loge | les | loges |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | leende | |||
Past participle | — | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
See also edit
References edit
Anagrams edit
Tarantino edit
Alternative forms edit
Article edit
le m pl or f pl
Turkish edit
Noun edit
le
- The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.
See also edit
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
(classifier cây) le
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
le
- (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) Alternative form of lè (“to loll (tongue); to put out”)
Etymology 4 edit
Adverb edit
le
Etymology 5 edit
Conjunction edit
le
Derived terms edit
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
le
- Soft mutation of lle.
Adverb edit
le
- (South Wales, colloquial) where
- Le ma'r tŷ bach?
- Where's the loo?
Synonyms edit
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
lle | le | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Xhosa edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
lé
- these; class 4 proximal demonstrative.
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
lé
- this; class 9 proximal demonstrative.
Yoruba edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
lè
- (auxiliary, defective) to be able, can, to be possible
- Ó lè gbọ́ Yorùbá. ― She can understand Yoruba.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
le
- to be hard in texture, to be difficult
- Iṣẹ́ náà le bí ojú ẹja. ― The work is as hard as a fish's eye.
- (idiomatic) to be healthy, to be in good health
- Synonym: yá
- ṣe ará le o? ― Are you in good health?
Derived terms edit
- eré-ìmárale (“exercise”)
- kára ó le (“A Yoruba greeting meaning, may you always be in good health!”)
- líle (“to be hard”)
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
le
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Verb edit
le
Derived terms edit
Etymology 5 edit
Verb edit
lé
- (transitive) to exceed in number
- to yield interest
Derived terms edit
Etymology 6 edit
Verb edit
lé
- (intransitive) to appear distinctly
Derived terms edit
Etymology 7 edit
Preposition edit
lé
Usage notes edit
When a word is homophonous with the verb 'lé'; it always occurs in a non-V1 position.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 8 edit
Verb edit
lé
- (transitive) to pursue, to chase
- Wọ́n lé e nílèékulèé, òun náà sàsàákúsàá. ― They pursued him relentlessly, and he also ran relentlessly.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 9 edit
Verb edit
lé
- (transitive) to become swollen
Derived terms edit
Zou edit
Conjunction edit
le
References edit
Zulu edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun edit
le
- these; class 4 proximal demonstrative.
Inflection edit
Stem -lé | ||
---|---|---|
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Copulative | yile | |
Possessive forms | ||
Modifier | Substantive | |
Class 1 | wale | owale |
Class 2 | bale | abale |
Class 3 | wale | owale |
Class 4 | yale | eyale |
Class 5 | lale | elale |
Class 6 | ale | awale |
Class 7 | sale | esale |
Class 8 | zale | ezale |
Class 9 | yale | eyale |
Class 10 | zale | ezale |
Class 11 | lwale | olwale |
Class 14 | bale | obale |
Class 15 | kwale | okwale |
Class 17 | kwale | okwale |
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun edit
le
- this; class 9 proximal demonstrative.
Inflection edit
Stem -lé | ||
---|---|---|
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Full form | lé | |
Locative | kule | |
Copulative | yile | |
Possessive forms | ||
Modifier | Substantive | |
Class 1 | wale | owale |
Class 2 | bale | abale |
Class 3 | wale | owale |
Class 4 | yale | eyale |
Class 5 | lale | elale |
Class 6 | ale | awale |
Class 7 | sale | esale |
Class 8 | zale | ezale |
Class 9 | yale | eyale |
Class 10 | zale | ezale |
Class 11 | lwale | olwale |
Class 14 | bale | obale |
Class 15 | kwale | okwale |
Class 17 | kwale | okwale |
References edit
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “le”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “le (2)”
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- Rhymes:Spanish/e
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- Rhymes:Swedish/eː
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