κρύπτω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editUnknown. The etymology determination is complicated by the fact that the word is both in sense and form similar with Ancient Greek καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”), thus indicating possible (bi-directional) analogical influence.
Although the word is traditionally compared with the semantically close Proto-Balto-Slavic *kráuˀtei (“to cover, hide”) (whence Russian крыть (krytʹ, “id”), Old Church Slavonic крꙑти (kryti, “id”), Lithuanian krovinỹs (“cargo”)), de Vaan notes that Balto-Slavic evidence demands a laryngeal while Greek excludes it, making a formal relation difficult.[1]
Beekes thus suggests possible Pre-Greek origin due to lack of solid Indo-European etymology, but acknowledges that the variation in labial (which he usually considered to be an argument for substrate origin) may be due to aforementioned analogy.[2]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krýp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkryp.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkrip.to/
Verb
editκρύπτω • (krúptō)
Inflection
editnumber | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔκρῠπτον | ἔκρῠπτες | ἔκρῠπτε(ν) | ἐκρῠ́πτετον | ἐκρῠπτέτην | ἐκρῠ́πτομεν | ἐκρῠ́πτετε | ἔκρῠπτον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκρῠπτόμην | ἐκρῠ́πτου | ἐκρῠ́πτετο | ἐκρῠ́πτεσθον | ἐκρῠπτέσθην | ἐκρῠπτόμεθᾰ | ἐκρῠ́πτεσθε | ἐκρῠ́πτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκεκρύφειν, ἐκεκρύφη |
ἐκεκρύφεις, ἐκεκρύφης |
ἐκεκρύφει(ν) | ἐκεκρύφετον | ἐκεκρυφέτην | ἐκεκρύφεμεν | ἐκεκρύφετε | ἐκεκρύφεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κεκρῠ́μην | κέκρῠσο | κέκρῠτο | κέκρῠσθον | κεκρῠ́σθην | κεκρῠ́μεθᾰ | κέκρῠσθε | κέκρῠντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | κεκρύφομαι | κεκρύφῃ, κεκρύφει |
κεκρύφεται | κεκρύφεσθον | κεκρύφεσθον | κεκρυφόμεθᾰ | κεκρύφεσθε | κεκρύφονται | ||||
optative | κεκρυφοίμην | κεκρύφοιο | κεκρύφοιτο | κεκρύφοισθον | κεκρυφοίσθην | κεκρυφοίμεθᾰ | κεκρύφοισθε | κεκρύφοιντο | |||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | κεκρύφεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | κεκρυφόμενος | |||||||||||
f | κεκρυφομένη | ||||||||||||
n | κεκρυφόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Synonyms
edit- (conceal): καλύπτω (kalúptō)
Derived terms
edit- ἀμφικρύπτω (amphikrúptō)
- ἀνακρύπτω (anakrúptō)
- ἀποκρύπτω (apokrúptō)
- διακρύπτω (diakrúptō)
- ἐγκρύπτω (enkrúptō)
- ἐκκρύπτω (ekkrúptō)
- ἐπικρύπτω (epikrúptō)
- κατακρύπτω (katakrúptō)
- παρακρύπτω (parakrúptō)
- περικρύπτω (perikrúptō)
- προκρύπτω (prokrúptō)
- συγκρύπτω (sunkrúptō)
- ὑποκρύπτω (hupokrúptō)
Related terms
edit- κρυπτάδιος (kruptádios)
- κρυπτεία (krupteía)
- κρυπτέον (kruptéon)
- κρυπτεύω (krupteúō)
- κρυπτή (kruptḗ)
- κρυπτήρ (kruptḗr)
- κρυπτήριος (kruptḗrios)
- κρύπτης (krúptēs)
- κρυπτικός (kruptikós)
- κρυπτίνδα (kruptínda)
- κρυπτός (kruptós)
- κρύφα (krúpha)
- κρυφαῖος (kruphaîos)
- κρυφῇ (kruphêi)
- κρυφία (kruphía)
- κρύφιος (krúphios)
- κρυφός (kruphós)
- κρύψις (krúpsis)
Descendants
edit- Greek: κρύβω (krývo, “to conceal, to hide”)
References
edit- ^ de Vaan, Michiel (1999) “The PIE root structure *Te(R)Dʰ-¹)”, in Historische Sprachforschung[1], page 12
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρύπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 786-787
Further reading
edit- “κρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κρύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κρύπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κρύπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κρύπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κρύπτω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2928 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
editPronunciation
editVerb
editκρύπτω • (krýpto) (past έκρυψα) passive -κρύπτομαι (found in compounds)
Usage notes
edit- Found only in compounds.
Conjugation
edit- See compounds
Related terms
editCompounds:
Other κρυπτ- words
- κρύπτη f (krýpti, “crypt”)
- κρυπτο- (krypto-), κρυπτ- (krypt-) like κρυπτογραφώ (kryptografó)
- κρυπτόν n (kryptón, “crypton”) (chemistry)
And see κρύβω (krývo) for stems κρυφ-, κρυψ-