λύκος
See also: Λύκος
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Hellenic *lúkos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”) with metathesis. Cognates include Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka), Latin lupus (also showing metathesis) , Old English wulf (English wolf) and Russian волк (volk).
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lý.kos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈly.kos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈly.kos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈly.kos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈli.kos/
Noun edit
λῠ́κος • (lúkos) m (genitive λῠ́κου); second declension
- wolf
- New Testament, Mat. 7:15:
- Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν, οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασιν προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δὲ εἰσὶν λύκοι ἅρπαγες.
- Prosékhete apò tôn pseudoprophētôn, hoítines érkhontai pròs humâs en endúmasin probátōn, ésōthen dè eisìn lúkoi hárpages.
- Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.
- Προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν ψευδοπροφητῶν, οἵτινες ἔρχονται πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν ἐνδύμασιν προβάτων, ἔσωθεν δὲ εἰσὶν λύκοι ἅρπαγες.
- curb bit
- a kind of jackdaw
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ λῠ́κος ho lúkos |
τὼ λῠ́κω tṑ lúkō |
οἱ λῠ́κοι hoi lúkoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ λῠ́κου toû lúkou |
τοῖν λῠ́κοιν toîn lúkoin |
τῶν λῠ́κων tôn lúkōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ λῠ́κῳ tôi lúkōi |
τοῖν λῠ́κοιν toîn lúkoin |
τοῖς λῠ́κοις toîs lúkois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν λῠ́κον tòn lúkon |
τὼ λῠ́κω tṑ lúkō |
τοὺς λῠ́κους toùs lúkous | ||||||||||
Vocative | λῠ́κε lúke |
λῠ́κω lúkō |
λῠ́κοι lúkoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Related terms edit
λυκ- terms (also see λύσσα (lússa))
- αἰνόλῠκος m (ainólukos, “horrible wolf”)
- ἀμφιλῠ́κη f (amphilúkē, “morning twilight”)
- Αὐτόλῠκος m (Autólukos)
- κῠνόλῠκος m (kunólukos)
- λυκηγενής (lukēgenḗs, “light-born”)
- Λυκόοργος m (Lukóorgos)
- λυκόφων m (lukóphōn, “a plant”)
- λῠκάγχη f (lukánkhē)
- λῠ́καινα f (lúkaina, “she-wolf”)
- λῠκαινίς f (lukainís, “she-wolf”)
- λῠκαινόμορφος (lukainómorphos, “she-wolf-shaped”)
- Λῠ́καιον n (Lúkaion)
- Λῠκαιονίκης m (Lukaioníkēs)
- Λῠκαῖος (Lukaîos, “Lycaean”)
- λῠκάνθρωπος m or f (lukánthrōpos, “man-wolf”)
- λῠκανθρωπῐ́ᾱ f (lukanthrōpíā, “a kind of madness”)
- λῠκαυγής (lukaugḗs, “of grey-twilight”)
- λῠκάων m (lukáōn, “man-wolf”)
- λῠκέη f (lukéē, “wolfʼs-skin”)
- λῠκεία f (lukeía, “helmet of wolf-skin”)
- Λῠ́κειον n (Lúkeion)
- λῠ́κειος (lúkeios, “of a wolf”)
- λῠκῆ f (lukê, “'λῠκέη'”)
- λῠ́κη f (lúkē, “morning twilight”)
- λῠκηδόν (lukēdón, “wolf-like”, adverb)
- λῠκηθμός m (lukēthmós, “wolfʼs howl”)
- Λῠκία f (Lukía)
- Λῠκιάρχης m (Lukiárkhēs)
- λῠ́κιον n (lúkion, “Rhamnus petiolaris”)
- Λῠ́κιος f (Lúkios)
- λῠκόβρωτος (lukóbrōtos, “eaten by wolves”)
- λῠκοδίωκτος (lukodíōktos, “wolf-chased”)
- λῠκοειδής (lukoeidḗs, “wolf-like”)
- λῠκοεργής (lukoergḗs)
- λῠκοθαρσής (lukotharsḗs, “not fearing wolves”)
- λῠκοκτονέω (lukoktonéō, “slay wolves”)
- λῠκοκτόνος (lukoktónos, “wolf-slaying”)
- λῠ́κολυγξ m (lúkolunx, “wolf-lynx”)
- Λῠκομήδης m (Lukomḗdēs)
- λῠκόμορφος (lukómorphos, “wolf-shaped”)
- λῠκοπάνθηρος m (lukopánthēros, “wolf-panther”)
- λῠκοπέρσῐον n (lukopérsion)
- Λῠκόπολῐς f (Lukópolis)
- λῠκορραίστης m (lukorrhaístēs, “wolf-worrier”)
- λῠκόσκορδον n (lukóskordon)
- λῠκοσκῠτᾰ́λιον n (lukoskutálion, “white mignonette”)
- Λῠκόσουρα f (Lukósoura)
- λῠκοσπάς m or f (lukospás, “torn by wolves”)
- λῠκόστομος m (lukóstomos, “wolf-mouth, a kind of anchovy”)
- Λῠκούργεια f (Lukoúrgeia, “trilogy of Aeschylus”)
- Λῠκοῦργος m (Lukoûrgos)
- λῠκόφθαλμος (lukóphthalmos, “wolf-eye, precious stone”)
- λῠκόφθαλμος f (lukóphthalmos, “wolf-eye, precious stone”)
- λῠκοφόρος (lukophóros, “with mark of a wolf”)
- λῠκόφρυς f (lukóphrus, “a plant”)
- λῠκόφρων m or f (lukóphrōn, “wolf-minded”)
- λῠκόφως n (lukóphōs, “twilight, gloaming”)
- λῠκοφῐλία f (lukophilía, “wolfʼs false friendship”)
- λῠκοφῐ́λιος (lukophílios)
- λῠκόχροος (lukókhroos, “wolf-coloured”) λῠκόχρους
- λῠκοψία f (lukopsía, “twilight”)
- λῠκόω (lukóō, “to tear like a wolf”)
- λῠκώ f (lukṓ, “she-wolf epithet of the Moon”)
- λῠκώδης (lukṓdēs, “wolf-like”)
- λῠκᾰ́βας m (lukábas, “path of light, sun's course”)
- Λῠκᾱονῐ́ᾱ f (Lukāoníā)
- λῠκῐδεύς m (lukideús, “wolfʼs cub”)
- λῠ́χνος m (lúkhnos, “lamp”)
- μονόλῠκος m (monólukos, “solitary”)
Descendants edit
- Greek: λύκος (lýkos)
- Tsakonian: λιούκο (lioúko)
- → Latin: lycos
- → Samoan: luko (learned)
- → Tokelauan: luko (learned)
References edit
- “λύκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “λύκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “λύκος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- λύκος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- λύκος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “λύκος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3074 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- λύκος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- λύκος - ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ (since 2011) Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch) University of Chicago.
Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
λύκος • (lýkos) m (plural λύκοι, feminine λύκαινα)
- wolf
- wolfdog
- aggressive and bloodthirsty person
- (pathology) lupus
- cock of old hunting gun
Declension edit
declension of λύκος
Derived terms edit
Expressions
- ο λύκος ουρλιάζει (ourliázei)
- πεινάω σα λύκος (peináo sa lýkos)
- στο στόμα του λύκου (sto stóma tou lýkou, “into the lion's den”, literally “into the wolf's mouth-”)
- τρώω σα λύκος (tróo sa lýkos)
Proverbs
- έβαλαν το λύκο να φυλάει τα πρόβατα (évalan to lýko na fyláei ta próvata)
- ο λύκος έχει τ' όνομα κι η αλεπού τη χάρη (o lýkos échei t' ónoma ki i alepoú ti chári)
- ο λύκος κι αν εγέρασε κι άσπρισε το μαλλί του, μήτε τη γνώμη άλλαξε, μήτε την κεφαλή του (o lýkos ki an egérase ki ásprise to mallí tou, míte ti gnómi állaxe, míte tin kefalí tou, “a leopard cannot change its spots”)
- ο λύκος στην αναμπουμπούλα χαίρεται (o lýkos stin anampoumpoúla chaíretai)
Related terms edit
λυκ- and see λύσσα
λυκ-
- γερόλυκος m (gerólykos)
- θαλασσόλυκος m (thalassólykos)
- λύκαινα f (lýkaina, “she-wolf”)
- λυκάκι n (lykáki, “wolf cub”)
- λυκανθρωπία f (lykanthropía) (medicine)
- λυκάνθρωπος m (lykánthropos, “man-wolf”)
- λυκαυγές n (lykavgés, “first twilight”)
- λυκειάρχης m (lykeiárchis, “lyceum director”)
- λύκειο n (lýkeio, “lyceum”)
- λυκίσκος m (lykískos, “hop, Homulus lupulus”)
- λυκίσκος m (lykískos, “Lupus constellation”)
- λυκόπουλο n (lykópoulo, “wolf cub”)
- λυκόσκυλο n (lykóskylo, “german shepherd dog, or wolfdog”)
- λυκόστομα n (lykóstoma) (medicine)
- λυκοφιλία f (lykofilía, “wolfʼs false friendship”)
- λυκοφωλιά f (lykofoliá, “wolf's den”)
- λυκόφως n (lykófos, “twilight”)
Further reading edit
- λύκος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
- λύκος - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.