гражданин
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Church Slavonic гражданинъ (graždaninŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gorďaninъ. The modern meaning is a calque of French bourgeois.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
гра́жданин • (gráždanin) m (feminine гра́жданка, relational adjective гра́ждански)
Declension edit
Declension of гра́жданин
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| indefinite | гра́жданин gráždanin |
гра́ждани gráždani |
| definite (subject form) |
гра́жданинът gráždaninǎt |
гра́жданите gráždanite |
| definite (object form) |
гра́жданина gráždanina | |
| count form | — | гра́жданина gráždanina |
| vocative form | гра́жданино gráždanino |
гра́ждани gráždani |
Derived terms edit
- гра́ждански (gráždanski, “civil”)
- гра́жданство (gráždanstvo, “citizenship”)
Further reading edit
Russian edit
Alternative forms edit
- граждани́нъ (graždanín) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic гражданинъ (graždaninŭ), from Proto-Slavic *gorďaninъ. Compare native горожа́нин (gorožánin), which was inherited from Old East Slavic. Related to го́род (górod, “city”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
граждани́н • (graždanín) m anim (genitive граждани́на, nominative plural гра́ждане, genitive plural гра́ждан, feminine гражда́нка, relational adjective гражда́нский)
- citizen, national
- November 24, 1917, Vladimir Ulyanov-Lenin, Yakov Sverdlov, Decree on the Abolition of Estates and Civil Ranks:
- Всякие звания (дворянина, купца, мещанина, крестьянина и пр., титулы — княжеские, графские и пр.) и наименование гражданских чинов (тайные, статские и проч. советники) уничтожаются и устанавливается одно общее для всего населения России наименование — граждан Российской Республики.
- Vsjakije zvanija (dvorjanina, kupca, meščanina, krestʹjanina i pr., tituly — knjažeskije, grafskije i pr.) i naimenovanije graždanskix činov (tajnyje, statskije i proč. sovetniki) uničtožajutsja i ustanavlivajetsja odno obščeje dlja vsevo naselenija Rossii naimenovanije — graždan Rossijskoj Respubliki.
- Any titles (nobleman, merchant, tradesman, peasant, etc., princely, county titles, etc.) and the name of civilian officials (secret, state and other advisers) are destroyed and one common name for the entire Russian population is established — citizens of the Russian Republic.
- (formal, law enforcement) sir, mister, Mr. (form of address used by a police officer towards a male civilian)
- Граждани́н, пройдёмте. ― Graždanín, projdjómte. ― Sir, you're going to have to come with me.
Declension edit
Declension of граждани́н (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-d)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | граждани́н graždanín |
гра́ждане gráždane |
| genitive | граждани́на graždanína |
гра́ждан gráždan |
| dative | граждани́ну graždanínu |
гра́жданам gráždanam |
| accusative | граждани́на graždanína |
гра́ждан gráždan |
| instrumental | граждани́ном graždanínom |
гра́жданами gráždanami |
| prepositional | граждани́не graždaníne |
гра́жданах gráždanax |
Derived terms edit
- сограждани́н (sograždanín)
Related terms edit
- гражда́нка (graždánka)
- гражда́нский (graždánskij)
- гражда́нство (graždánstvo)
Descendants edit
- → Bashkir: граждан (grajdan)
- → Bezhta: гражданин (graždanin)
- → Kyrgyz: гражданин (grajdanin)
- → Tajik: гражданин (graždanin)
- → Turkmen: grajjdan
- → Uyghur: گراژدان (grazhdan)
- → Uzbek: grajdan
Further reading edit
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гражданин”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “горожанин”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress