Wiktionary

жена

See also: женя, Женя, and Appendix:Variations of "zena"

Bulgarian

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Bulgarian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia bg

Etymology

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Inherited from Old Church Slavonic жена (žena), from Proto-Slavic *žena, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *génāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ʒɛˈna]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -na

Noun

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жена́ • (žená) f (relational adjective же́нски, diminutive жени́ца)

  1. woman, lady, female
  2. wife, spouse
  3. charwoman, home help

Usage notes

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  • The vocative жено (ženo) is considered vulgar and is therefore generally avoided.

Declension

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Declension of жена́
singular plural
indefinite жена́
žená 		жени́
žení
definite жена́та
ženáta 		жени́те
ženíte
vocative form же́но
žéno 		жени́
žení

References

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  • “жена”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • “жена”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жена”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 536

Anagrams

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Carpathian Rusyn

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Noun

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же́на • (žéna) f

  1. Lemko form of жона́ (žoná)

References

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Macedonian

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Macedonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia mk

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žena, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *génāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈʒɛna]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: же‧на

Noun

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жена • (žena) f (plural жени, relational adjective женски, diminutive женичка or женче, augmentative жениште or женетина)

  1. woman
  2. wife
    Synonym: сопруга f (sopruga)

Declension

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Declension of жена
singular plural
indefinite жена (žena) жени (ženi)
definite unspecified жената (ženata) жените (ženite)
definite proximal женава (ženava) жениве (ženive)
definite distal женана (ženana) женине (ženine)
vocative жено (ženo) жени (ženi)

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Old Church Slavonic

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Old Church Slavonic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cu

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *žena, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *génāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

Noun

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жена • (žena) f

  1. woman
  2. wife

Declension

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Declension of жена (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative жена
žena 		женѣ
ženě 		женꙑ
ženy
genitive женꙑ
ženy 		женоу
ženu 		женъ
ženŭ
dative женѣ
ženě 		женама
ženama 		женамъ
ženamŭ
accusative женѫ
ženǫ 		женѣ
ženě 		женꙑ
ženy
instrumental женоѭ
ženojǫ 		женама
ženama 		женами
ženami
locative женѣ
ženě 		женоу
ženu 		женахъ
ženaxŭ
vocative жено
ženo 		женѣ
ženě 		женꙑ
ženy

See also

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Old Church Slavic family terms
отьчьство (otĭčĭstvo, “family”) Male Female
parent
родител҄ь (roditelʹĭ) 		отьць (otĭcĭ), авва (avva, “father”) мати (mati, “mother”)
sibling братръ (bratrŭ, “brother”) сестра (sestra, “sister”)
child сꙑнъ (synŭ, “son”) дъщи (dŭšti, “daughter”)
grandparent дѣдъ (dědŭ, “grandfather”) баба (baba, “grandmother”)
grandchild въноукъ (vŭnukŭ, “grandson”) – (“granddaughter”)
great-grandparent прѣдѣдъ (prědědŭ, “great-grandfather”) – (“great-grandmother”)
mother's sibling оуи (ui, “maternal uncle”) – (“maternal aunt”)
father's sibling стрꙑи (stryi, “paternal uncle”) – (“paternal aunt”)
sibling's child братанъ (bratanŭ), сꙑновь (synovĭ), сꙑновьць (synovĭcĭ, “nephew”) братана (bratana, “niece”)
cousin братоучѧдъ (bratučędŭ, “male cousin”) братоучѧда (bratučęda, “female cousin”)
spouse мѫжь (mǫžĭ), чрьтожьникъ (črĭtožĭnikŭ), малъженъ (malŭženŭ, “husband”) жена (žena), чрьтожьница (črĭtožĭnica), съложь (sŭložĭ, “wife”)
parent of wife тьсть (tĭstĭ, “father-in-law (wife's father)”) тьща (tĭšta, “mother-in-law (wife's mother)”)
parent of husband свекръ (svekrŭ, “father-in-law (husband's father)”) свекрꙑ (svekry, “mother-in-law (husband's father)”)
sibling of husband дєвєръ (deverŭ, “brother-in-law (husband's brother)”) зълꙑ (zŭly, “sister-in-law (husband's sister)”)
spouse of child зѧть (zętĭ, “son-in-law (daughter's husband)”) снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law (son's wife)”)
spouse of husband's brother – етрꙑ (etry), кѫпетра (kǫpetra, “sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)”)
stepchild пасторъкъ (pastorŭkŭ, “stepson”) – (“stepdaughter”)
step-parent отьчимъ (otĭčimŭ, “stepfather”) мащеха (maštexa, “stepmother”)

Old East Slavic

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Жена (1).

Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *žena.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʑɛˈnɑ/→/ʑɛˈna/→/ʑɛˈna/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ʑɛˈnɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ʑɛˈna/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ʑɛˈna/

  • Hyphenation: же‧на

Noun

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жена (žena) f (diminutive женъка or жонъка)

  1. woman
  2. wife

Declension

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Declension of жена (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative жена
žena 		женѣ
ženě 		женꙑ
ženy
genitive женꙑ
ženy 		жену
ženu 		женъ
ženŭ
dative женѣ
ženě 		женама
ženama 		женамъ
ženamŭ
accusative женѫ
ženǫ 		женѣ
ženě 		женꙑ
ženy
instrumental женоѭ
ženojǫ 		женама
ženama 		женами
ženami
locative женѣ
ženě 		жену
ženu 		женахъ
ženaxŭ
vocative жено
ženo 		женѣ
ženě 		женꙑ
ženy

Coordinate terms

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  • (woman): мѫжь (mǫžĭ, “man”)
  • (wife): мѫжь (mǫžĭ, “husband”)

Descendants

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  • Old Ruthenian: жена (žena), жана (žana), жона (žona)
  • Russian: жена́ (žená)

References

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  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “жена”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 857

Pannonian Rusyn

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Slovak žena, from Proto-Slavic *žena. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn жона́ (žoná) and Slovak žena.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈʒɛna]
  • Rhymes: -ɛna
  • Hyphenation: же‧на

Noun

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жена (žena) f (diminutive женочка, augmentative женїска, related adjective женов or женски)

  1. female, woman
    Coordinate terms: хлоп (xlop), чловек (človek)
  2. wife
    Synonym: супруга (supruha)
    Coordinate terms: муж (muž), супруг (supruh), хлоп (xlop)

Usage notes

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Declension

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Declension of жена
singular plural
nominative жена (žena) жени (ženi)
genitive жени (ženi) женох (ženox)
dative жени (ženi) женом (ženom)
accusative жену (ženu) жени (ženi)
instrumental жену (ženu) женми / женами (ženmi / ženami)
locative жени (ženi) женох (ženox)
vocative жено (ženo) жени (ženi)
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adjectives
nouns
verbs

Further reading

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Russian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic жена (žena), from Proto-Slavic *žena, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *génāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn, whence English queen and gyno-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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жена́ • (žená) f anim (genitive жены́, nominative plural жёны, genitive plural жён, diminutive жёнушка or жену́ля or жену́лька)

  1. wife
    Synonym: супру́га (suprúga)
    Antonym: супру́г m (suprúg)
    Antonym: муж m (muž)
    • 1887, Николай Лесков [Nikolai Leskov], “Глава третья”, in Грабёж; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., A Robbery, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013:
      Они́ жену́ мне хоте́ли взять из орло́вских для того́, что́бы у нас бы́ло обновле́ние родства́.
      Oní ženú mne xotéli vzjatʹ iz orlóvskix dlja tovó, štóby u nas býlo obnovlénije rodstvá.
      She wanted to take a wife for me from the Orel girls, so as to renew the family.
  2. (obsolete, poetic) woman
    • 1997, Nautilus Pompilius [Nautilus Pompilius], “Сёстры печали [Sjóstry pečali]”, in Яблокитай:
      Жёны ра́дости пьют твоё вре́мя, как во́ду,
      А сёстры печа́ли внеза́пны, как дождь;
      Жёнам ра́дости в тя́гость доро́ги свобо́ды,
      А сёстры печа́ли иду́т за тобо́й.
      Иду́т за тобо́й, пока́ не умрёшь...
      Žóny rádosti pʹjut tvojó vrémja, kak vódu,
      A sjóstry pečáli vnezápny, kak doždʹ;
      Žónam rádosti v tjágostʹ dorógi svobódy,
      A sjóstry pečáli idút za tobój.
      Idút za tobój, poká ne umrjóšʹ...
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

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Declension of жена́ (anim fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 
singular plural
nominative жена́
žená 		жёны
žóny
genitive жены́
žený 		жён
žón
dative жене́
žené 		жёнам
žónam
accusative жену́
ženú 		жён
žón
instrumental жено́й, жено́ю
ženój, ženóju 		жёнами
žónami
prepositional жене́
žené 		жёнах
žónax
vocative же́но
žéno
Pre-reform declension of жена́ (anim fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 
singular plural
nominative жена́
žená 		жёны
žóny
genitive жены́
žený 		жёнъ
žón
dative женѣ́
ženě́ 		жёнамъ
žónam
accusative жену́
ženú 		жёнъ
žón
instrumental жено́й, жено́ю
ženój, ženóju 		жёнами
žónami
prepositional женѣ́
ženě́ 		жёнахъ
žónax

Derived terms

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *žena, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *génāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʒěna/
  • Hyphenation: же‧на

Noun

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жѐна f (Latin spelling žèna, diminutive жѐница, relational adjective жѐнскӣ)

  1. woman
  2. wife

Declension

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Declension of жена
singular plural
nominative жѐна жене
genitive жене же́на̄
dative жени женама
accusative жену жене
vocative же̏но жене
locative жени женама
instrumental женом женама

Derived terms

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References

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  • “жена”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
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