кочерга

Russian

Etymology

Per ESSJa, inherited from Proto-Slavic *kočerьga/*kočьrga. According to Vasmer, inherited from a Proto-Slavic form, probably with the original sense of “stump, stalk”; compare Ukrainian кочерга́ (kočerhá), кучу́рга (kučúrga), Polish koczarga, Belarusian качарга́ (kačarhá), Russian коко́ра (kokóra), коча́н (kočán). Alternatively (but less likely), perhaps a Turkic borrowing; compare Tatar күчәргә (küçärgä, “to move”), Southern Altai кӧчӱр (köčür, “to relocate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kət͡ɕɪrˈɡa]

Noun

кочерга́ • (kočergá) f inan (genitive кочерги́, nominative plural кочерги́, genitive plural кочерёг, diminutive кочерёжка)

1. poker (metal rod for adjusting burning logs or coals in a fire)
2. (automotive slang) steering-wheel lock, club lock
3. (automotive slang) stickshift, manual gear lever
4. (automotive slang) column-mounted shifter

Usage notes

• Many native speakers find it difficult to produce the genitive plural of this term.

Declension

Declension of кочерга́ (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-b reduc irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	кочерга́ kočergá	кочерги́ kočergí
genitive	кочерги́ kočergí	*кочерёг△ *kočerjóg△
dative	кочерге́ kočergé	кочерга́м kočergám
accusative	кочергу́ kočergú	кочерги́ kočergí
instrumental	кочерго́й, кочерго́ю kočergój, kočergóju	кочерга́ми kočergámi
prepositional	кочерге́ kočergé	кочерга́х kočergáx

^△ Irregular.

Pre-reform declension of кочерга́ (inan fem-form velar-stem accent-b reduc irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	кочерга́ kočergá	кочерги́ kočergí
genitive	кочерги́ kočergí	*кочерёгъ△ *kočerjóg△
dative	кочергѣ́ kočergě́	кочерга́мъ kočergám
accusative	кочергу́ kočergú	кочерги́ kočergí
instrumental	кочерго́й, кочерго́ю kočergój, kočergóju	кочерга́ми kočergámi
prepositional	кочергѣ́ kočergě́	кочерга́хъ kočergáx

^△ Irregular.

Derived terms

• кочега́р (kočegár)
• кочерёжник (kočerjóžnik)
• ста́рая кочерга́ (stáraja kočergá)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кочерга”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

Etymology

According to Vasmer, inherited from a Proto-Slavic form, probably with the original sense of “stump, stalk”; compare Russian кочерга́ (kočergá), кучу́рга (kučúrga), Polish koczarga, Belarusian качарга́ (kačarhá), Russian коко́ра (kokóra), коча́н (kočán). Alternatively (but less likely), perhaps a Turkic borrowing; compare Tatar күчәргә (küçärgä, “to move”), Southern Altai кӧчӱр (köčür, “to relocate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɔt͡ʃerˈɦa]

Noun

кочерга́ • (kočerhá) f inan (genitive кочерги́, nominative plural коче́рги, genitive plural коче́рг, diminutive кочере́жка)

1. poker (metal rod for adjusting burning logs or coals in a fire)
2. (plural only) tools used in conjunction with a fireplace or stove: poker, shovel, tongs, etc.
3. (plural only) the place where these tools are kept

   Synonym: коцюба́ (kocjubá)

Declension

Declension of кочерга́ (inan hard fem-form accent-d)

	singular	plural
nominative	кочерга́ kočerhá	коче́рги kočérhy
genitive	кочерги́ kočerhý	коче́рг kočérh
dative	кочерзі́ kočerzí	коче́ргам kočérham
accusative	кочергу́ kočerhú	коче́рги kočérhy
instrumental	кочерго́ю kočerhóju	коче́ргами kočérhamy
locative	кочерзі́ kočerzí	коче́ргах kočérhax
vocative	коче́рго kočérho	коче́рги kočérhy

Derived terms

• кочере́жник (kočeréžnyk)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кочерга”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “кочерга”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)