топъл
Bulgarian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *toplъ (in South Slavic), cognate with Old Church Slavonic топлъ (toplŭ), Macedonian топол (topol), Serbo-Croatian tȍpao. In other Slavic branches, the lemma is encountered with e-grade vocalism: e.g. Russian тёплый (tjóplyj), Polish ciepły.
Formally comparable with Bulgarian топо́ла (topóla, “poplar”) and Bulgarian те́пам (tépam, “to beat, to bash”), but the genetic relation between them is questionable.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
то́пъл • (tópǎl) (adverb то́пло, abstract noun топлота́ or топлина́)
- warm (having a temperature slightly higher than usual, but still pleasant)
- warm (being something that causes warmth)
- warm (having a color in the red-orange-yellow part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum)
- то́пли цветове́ ― tópli cvetové ― warm colors, hues
- (of the weather) mild
- affectionate, cordial, hearty, warm, genial, kindly
Declension edit
Positive forms of то́пъл
Comparative forms of то́пъл
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | по́-то́пъл pó-tópǎl |
по́-то́пла pó-tópla |
по́-то́пло pó-tóplo |
по́-то́пли pó-tópli |
| definite (subject form) |
по́-то́плият pó-tóplijat |
по́-то́плата pó-tóplata |
по́-то́плото pó-tóploto |
по́-то́плите pó-tóplite |
| definite (object form) |
по́-то́плия pó-tóplija | |||
| extended (vocative form) |
по́-то́пли, по́-то́плий pó-tópli, pó-tóplij |
Superlative forms of то́пъл
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | на́й-то́пъл náj-tópǎl |
на́й-то́пла náj-tópla |
на́й-то́пло náj-tóplo |
на́й-то́пли náj-tópli |
| definite (subject form) |
на́й-то́плият náj-tóplijat |
на́й-то́плата náj-tóplata |
на́й-то́плото náj-tóploto |
на́й-то́плите náj-tóplite |
| definite (object form) |
на́й-то́плия náj-tóplija | |||
| extended (vocative form) |
на́й-то́пли, на́й-то́плий náj-tópli, náj-tóplij |
Derived terms edit
- то́пля impf (tóplja), то́плям pf (tópljam, “to warm”)
- топли́к (toplík, “warmth”)
- топли́во (toplívo, “fuel”)
- топли́нен (toplínen), топли́вен (toplíven, “thermal”)