тьма
Old Church Slavonic edit
Alternative forms edit
- Glagolitic: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.
Noun edit
тьма • (tĭma) f
- darkness
- 2 Коринт. 4:6-15 from Син. евх.:
- б҃ъ рекъі и҅с тъмъі свѣтоу въсиꙗ҅ти· ꙇ҅же въсиꙗ҅ въ ср҃цихъ вашихъ·
- b:ŭ rekŭi i҅s tŭmŭi světu vŭsija҅ti· i҅že vŭsija҅ vŭ sr:cixŭ vašixŭ·
- For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts.
- 2 Коринт. 4:6-15 from Син. евх.:
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | тьма tĭma |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
genitive | тьмꙑ tĭmy |
тьмоу tĭmu |
тьмъ tĭmŭ |
dative | тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмама tĭmama |
тьмамъ tĭmamŭ |
accusative | тьмѫ tĭmǫ |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
instrumental | тьмоѭ tĭmojǫ |
тьмама tĭmama |
тьмами tĭmami |
locative | тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмоу tĭmu |
тьмахъ tĭmaxŭ |
vocative | тьмо tĭmo |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
Antonyms edit
- свѣтъ (světŭ)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from an ancestor of Mongolian түм (tüm).
Noun edit
тьма • (tĭma) f
- ten thousand; a myriad
- from Slavonic Josephus, kniga 4, 432б:
- идѧхоу бо по немъ кромѣ ѡроужникъ, четꙑри тмꙑ.
- idęxu bo po nemŭ kromě oružnikŭ, četyri tmy.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- from Slavonic Josephus, kniga 4, 432б:
- a large number or multitude (of specified things)
References edit
- Nikolić, Svetozar (1989) Staroslovenski jezik: Pravopis, glasovi, oblici, Beograd
Old East Slavic edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Slavic *tьma. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma) and Old Polish ćma.
Pronunciation edit
- (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
- (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
- (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/
- Hyphenation: ть‧ма
Noun edit
тьма (tĭma) f
Declension edit
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | тьма tĭma |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
Genitive | тьмꙑ tĭmy |
тьму tĭmu |
тьмъ tĭmŭ |
Dative | тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмама tĭmama |
тьмамъ tĭmamŭ |
Accusative | тьмѫ tĭmǫ |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
Instrumental | тьмоѭ tĭmojǫ |
тьмама tĭmama |
тьмами tĭmami |
Locative | тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьму tĭmu |
тьмахъ tĭmaxŭ |
Vocative | тьмо tĭmo |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
Antonyms edit
- свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”)
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from a Mongolic language (compare Mongolian түм (tüm)). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma).
Pronunciation edit
- (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
- (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
- (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/
- Hyphenation: ть‧ма
Noun edit
тьма (tĭma) f
Declension edit
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | тьма tĭma |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
Genitive | тьмꙑ tĭmy |
тьму tĭmu |
тьмъ tĭmŭ |
Dative | тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмама tĭmama |
тьмамъ tĭmamŭ |
Accusative | тьмѫ tĭmǫ |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
Instrumental | тьмоѭ tĭmojǫ |
тьмама tĭmama |
тьмами tĭmami |
Locative | тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьму tĭmu |
тьмахъ tĭmaxŭ |
Vocative | тьмо tĭmo |
тьмѣ tĭmě |
тьмꙑ tĭmy |
Descendants edit
References edit
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “тьма”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][1] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1081
Russian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.
Noun edit
тьма • (tʹma) f inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), borrowed from a Mongolic language.
Noun edit
тьма • (tʹma) f inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)
- (colloquial) thousands, a multitude, a host, lots of
Declension edit
Ukrainian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
тьма • (tʹma) f inan (genitive тьми, uncountable)
- darkness
- (figuratively) uneducatedness
- Synonym: неосві́ченість (neosvíčenistʹ)
- (figuratively) wickedness (something vile and evil)
Declension edit
Noun edit
тьма • (tʹma) f inan (genitive тьми, nominative plural тьми, genitive plural тем)
- (historical, countable) ten thousand
- (figuratively, colloquial, uncountable) ton (large amount of something)
Declension edit
References edit
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “тьма”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- “тьма”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)