Old Church Slavonic edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun edit

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
    • 2 Коринт. 4:6-15 from Син. евх.:
      б҃ъ рекъі и҅с тъмъі свѣтоу въсиꙗ҅ти· ꙇ҅же въсиꙗ҅ въ ср҃цихъ вашихъ·
      b:ŭ rekŭi i҅s tŭmŭi světu vŭsija҅ti· i҅že vŭsija҅ vŭ sr:cixŭ vašixŭ·
      For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts.
Declension edit
Antonyms edit
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from an ancestor of Mongolian түм (tüm).

Noun edit

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. ten thousand; a myriad
    • from Slavonic Josephus, kniga 4, 432б:
      идѧхоу бо по немъ кромѣ ѡроужникъ, четꙑри тмꙑ.
      idęxu bo po nemŭ kromě oružnikŭ, četyri tmy.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. a large number or multitude (of specified things)

References edit

  • Nikolić, Svetozar (1989) Staroslovenski jezik: Pravopis, glasovi, oblici, Beograd

Old East Slavic edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Slavic *tьma. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma) and Old Polish ćma.

Pronunciation edit

  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/
  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun edit

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
Declension edit
Antonyms edit
Descendants edit
  • Old Ruthenian: тьма (tʹma)
  • Russian: тьма (tʹma)

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from a Mongolic language (compare Mongolian түм (tüm)). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma).

Pronunciation edit

  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/
  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun edit

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. myriad (10.000)
  2. multitude (large amount)
Declension edit
Descendants edit

References edit

  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “тьма”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1081

Russian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [tʲma]
  • (file)

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun edit

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. dark, darkness
    Synonyms: темнота́ f (temnotá), те́мень f (témenʹ), потёмки f (potjómki), мгла f (mgla), мрак m (mrak)
    Antonym: свет m (svet)
Declension edit
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), borrowed from a Mongolic language.

Noun edit

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. (colloquial) thousands, a multitude, a host, lots of
Declension edit

Ukrainian edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, uncountable)

  1. darkness
    Synonyms: те́мрява (témrjava), те́мінь (téminʹ), темно́та́ (temnótá)
  2. (figuratively) uneducatedness
    Synonym: неосві́ченість (neosvíčenistʹ)
  3. (figuratively) wickedness (something vile and evil)

Declension edit

Noun edit

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, nominative plural тьми, genitive plural тем)

  1. (historical, countable) ten thousand
  2. (figuratively, colloquial, uncountable) ton (large amount of something)

Declension edit

References edit