host
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /həʊst/
- (General American) IPA(key): /hoʊst/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊst
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English hoste, from Old French oste (French: hôte), from Latin hospitem, accusative of hospes (“a host, also a sojourner, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a stranger”), from *hostipotis, an old compound of hostis and the root of potis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰostipotis (“master of guests”), from *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, enemy”) and *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”). Used in English since 13th century.
Noun edit
host (plural hosts, feminine hostess)
- One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.
- A good host is always considerate of the guest’s needs.
- c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:
- Time is like a fashionable host, / That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.
- One that provides a facility for an event.
- A person or organization responsible for running an event.
- Our company is host of the annual conference this year.
- A moderator or master of ceremonies for a performance.
- Synonym: (UK) presenter
- The host was terrible, but the acts themselves were good.
- (computing, Internet) Any computer attached to a network.
- (ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.
- Viruses depend on the host that they infect in order to be able to reproduce.
- 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
- A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.
- (evolution, genetics) An organism bearing certain genetic material, with respect to its cells.
- The so-called junk DNA is known, so far, to provide no apparent benefit to its host.
- A paid male companion offering conversation and in some cases sex, as in certain types of bar in Japan.
Hyponyms edit
- (computing): localhost
Derived terms edit
- air host
- bulletproof host
- co-host
- definitive host
- DMZ host
- graft-versus-host
- graft-versus-host disease
- host cell
- host city
- host country
- hostel
- hoster
- hostess
- host family
- hostname
- host plant
- host response
- hostress
- host rock
- host selling
- host species
- host with the most
- jump host
- mine host
- no-host
- no host bar
- opinion host
- play host to
- reckon without one's host
- wraparound host
- zombie host
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
host (third-person singular simple present hosts, present participle hosting, simple past and past participle hosted)
- To perform the role of a host.
- Our company will host the annual conference this year.
- I was terrible at hosting that show.
- I’ll be hosting tonight. I hope I’m not terrible.
- 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
- Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
- (obsolete, intransitive) To lodge at an inn.
- c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:
- Where you shall host.
- (computing, Internet) To run software made available to a remote user or process.
- Kremvax hosts a variety of services.
- 1987 May 7, Selden E. Ball, Jr., “Re: Ethernet Terminal Concentrators”, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip (Usenet):
- CMU/TEK TCP/IP software uses an excessive amount of cpu resources for terminal support both outbound, when accessing another system, and inbound, when the local system is hosting a session.
Translations edit
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See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle English oost, borrowed from Old French ost, oste, hoste, from Latin hostis (“foreign enemy”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (as opposed to inimicus (“personal enemy”)). Doublet of guest.
Noun edit
host (plural hosts)
- A multitude of people arrayed as an army; used also in religious senses, as: Heavenly host (of angels)
- 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. X, Plugson of Undershot”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
- Why, Plugson, even thy own host is all in mutiny: Cotton is conquered; but the ‘bare backs’ — are worse covered than ever!
- 1955 October 20, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “chapter 4, The Field of Cormallen”, in The Return of the King: Being the Third Part of The Lord of the Rings […], New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published December 1978, →ISBN:
- All about the hosts of Mordor raged.
- 2001, Carlos Parada, Hesione 2, Greek Mythology Link:
- the invading host that had sailed from Hellas in more than one thousand ships was of an unprecedented size.
- A large number of items; a large inventory.
- The dealer stocks a host of parts for my Model A.
- 1802, William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud:
- I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils; […]
- 1836, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:
- A short time since, some friends drinking tea one summer evening at their residence near Maidenhead, with all the windows of the drawing-room open, there suddenly burst in a host of small flies, which covered the table and the furniture […]
- 2018 June 18, Phil McNulty, “Tunisia 1 – 2 England”, in BBC Sport[1], archived from the original on 21 April 2019:
- England ran Tunisia ragged in that spell but were punished for missing a host of chances when Ferjani Sassi equalised from the penalty spot against the run of play after Kyle Walker was penalised for an elbow on Fakhreddine Ben Youssef.
- 2020 July 29, Ian Prosser discusses with Paul Stephen, “Rail needs robust and strategic plans”, in Rail, page 38:
- In the immediate term, there is a host of new operating procedures to be developed and to become familiarised with, in accordance with social distancing.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 3 edit
From Middle English host, oist, ost, from Old French hoiste, from Latin hostia (“sacrificial victim”). Doublet of hostie.
Noun edit
host (plural hosts)
- (Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.
- 1978, John Lydon (lyrics and music), “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:
- Do you pray to the Holy Ghost when you suck your host? / Do you read who's dead in the Irish Post?
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan ost, from Latin hostis, from Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host f (plural hosts)
See also edit
References edit
- “host” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “host”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “host” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “host” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech host, from Proto-Slavic *gostь.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host m anim (feminine hostka)
- guest
- Host do domu, Bůh do domu.
- A guest into the house, God into the house. (old proverb, meaning: respect should be shown to guests)
- Host a ryba třetí den smrdí.
- The guest and the fish smell the third day.
Usage edit
The archaic plural instrumental is hostmi.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host m (plural hosts, diminutive hostje n)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From hossen.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
host
- inflection of hossen:
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
Related to hoste ("to cough").
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural host, definite plural hosta or hostene)
Usage notes edit
- Prior to a 2020 spelling revision, this noun was also considered masculine.
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hoster, definite plural hostene)
Synonyms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
host
- imperative of hoste
References edit
- “host” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Related to hosta, hoste ("to cough").
Noun edit
host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural host, definite plural hosta)
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hostar, definite plural hostane)
Synonyms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
host
- imperative of hosta
References edit
- “host” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gostь.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host m pers (feminine hosti)
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | host | hosti | hostie |
genitive | hosti | hosťú | hostí |
dative | hosti | hostma | hostem |
accusative | host, hosti | hosti | hosti |
vocative | hosti | hosti | hostie |
locative | hosti | hosťú | hostech |
instrumental | hostem | hostma | hostmi |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Czech: host
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “host”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from English host. Doublet of gość.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host m inan
- (networking) host (computer attached to a network)
Declension edit
Noun edit
host m pers (female equivalent hostessa)
- host, promotional model (person hired to greet customers and guests of a store, hotel, or institution, and advertise goods or provide assistance, giving the necessary information or pointing the way)
Declension edit
Noun edit
host m pers
- (slang) host (owner of a house, apartment, or guesthouse, as opposed to people renting premises from them)
- Synonym: gospodarz
Declension edit
Further reading edit
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Unadapted borrowing from English host.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host m (plural hosts)
- (networking) host (computer attached to a network)
Slovene edit
Noun edit
hóst
Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from English host. Doublet of huésped.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
host m or f (plural hosts)
Swedish edit
Interjection edit
host