ton
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
ton
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton (plural tons)
- Any of various units of mass, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly
- The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.
- The long ton of 2240 pounds (about 1016 kg), 20 hundredweights of 112 pounds avoirdupois each.
- The metric ton of 1000 kilograms, 10 quintals of 100 kilograms each.
- Any of various units of volume, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly
- The measurement ton of (US) 40 or (UK) 42 cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2 m³).
- The register ton of 100 cubic feet (about 2.83 m³).
- (figuratively) Any large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything.
- I’ve got a ton of work to do.
- I've got tons of work to do.
- (HVAC) A unit of thermal power equal to 12,000 BTU/h (about 3.5 kW), approximating the idealized rate of cooling provided by uniform isothermal melting of 1 short ton of ice per day at 0°C.
- (slang, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly
- 100 pounds sterling.
- (darts, snooker, etc.) 100 points.
- (cricket) 100 runs.
- A speed of 100 mph.
- 1970, Mungo Jerry (lyrics and music), “In The Summertime”, in In The Summertime:
- Speed along the lane / Do a ton or a ton and twenty-five
- 2008, Damon Beesley & Iain Morris, "Caravan Club", The Inbetweeners Series 1, Episode 5, E4:
- Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
Simon: Well, it's the special edition, so I reckon it could probably top a ton.
Neil: Bollocks!
- Neil: How fast can this thing go then, do you reckon?
- 2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 50:
- The HSDT team, however, had some work to do, although by the end of 1972 the power car interior had been adjusted and BR had agreed to 'double-manning' with extra pay when speeds topped the ton.
SynonymsEdit
- (traditional unit of mass equivalent to a tun): tonelada (Spanish and Portuguese contexts)
- (any hyperbolically or oppressively large amount): See Thesaurus:lot
- (slang for 100 points in darts &c.): tonne
- (slang for 100 cricket runs): century
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French ton (“manner”), from Latin tonus. Doublet of tone, tune, and tonus.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton (uncountable)
- Fashion, the current style, the vogue.
- 1814 July, [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] T[homas] Egerton, […], OCLC 39810224, page 191:
- A clergyman cannot be high in state or fashion. He must not head mobs, or set the ton in dress.
- 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, OCLC 1061908157:
- If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish.
- Fashionable society; those in style.
- 1790, Amelia Opie, Dangers of Coquetry, vol. I, ch. 13:
- [S]he thought herself incapable of being flattered by the attentions of a man she despised, because he was the reigning idol of the ton […] .
- 1823 December 17, [Lord Byron], Don Juan. Cantos XII.—XIII.—and XIV., London: […] [C. H. Reynell] for John Hunt, […], OCLC 868008434, canto XIII(please specify the stanza number):
- The party might consist of thirty three Of highest caste—the Brahmins of the ton.
- 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 30, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, OCLC 2057953:
- Pen was somewhat older than many of his fellow-students, and there was that about his style and appearance, which, as we have said, was rather haughty and impertinent, that stamped him as a man of ton—very unlike those pale students who were talking law to one another, and those ferocious dandies, in rowing shirts and astonishing pins and waistcoats, who represented the idle part of the little community.
- 1790, Amelia Opie, Dangers of Coquetry, vol. I, ch. 13:
Related termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
ton (plural tons)
- Synonym of tunny, particularly the common tunny or horse mackerel.
AnagramsEdit
Antillean CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
ton
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Catalan ton, from Vulgar Latin *tum, reduced form of Latin tuus, tuum, from Proto-Italic *towos. Compare Occitan and French ton.
In unstressed position in Vulgar Latin tuum, tuam etc. were monosyllabic and regularly became ton, ta etc. in Catalan. When stressed they were disyllabic and became teu, tua > teua etc.
DeterminerEdit
ton m (feminine ta, masculine plural tos, feminine plural tes)
- your (singular)
Usage notesEdit
The use of ton and the other possessive determiners is mostly archaic in the majority of dialects, with articulated possessive pronouns (e.g. el meu) mostly being used in their stead. However, mon, ton, and son are still widely used before certain nouns referring to family members and some affective nouns, such as amic, casa, and vida. Which nouns actually find use with the possessive determiners depends greatly on the locale.
The standard masculine plural form is tos, but tons can be found in some dialects.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “ton” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
ChuukeseEdit
NounEdit
ton
Crimean TatarEdit
NounEdit
ton
Derived termsEdit
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From English ton, variant of tun (“cask”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton c or n (singular definite tonnet or tonnen, plural indefinite ton or tons, abbreviation t)
- ton (unit of weight)
See alsoEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Dutch tonne, from Medieval Latin tunna.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton f (plural tonnen, diminutive tonnetje n)
- barrel
- ton (1000 kilograms)
- 100,000 of some monetary unit, particularly guilders
- Dat zou zeker een ton kosten.
- Dat zou zeker een ton euro kosten.
- 140.000 euro is bijna drie ton gulden
- A large amount.
- Hij leende tonnen met geld. - He borrowed large amounts of money.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
FinnishEdit
PronounEdit
ton
- (colloquial) genitive singular of toi
- (colloquial) accusative singular of toi
AnagramsEdit
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /tɔ̃/, (before a vowel) /tɔ̃.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/
- (Quebec) IPA(key): /tõ/, (before a vowel) /tõ.n‿/, /tɔ.n‿/}
audio (file) - Homophone: thon
Etymology 1Edit
From Old French ton, tos, from Latin tuus.
DeterminerEdit
ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)
- (possessive) your
- Tu as pensé à prendre ton livre ?
- Did you remember to bring your book?
- Ton écriture est jolie.
- Your writing is pretty.
- J'aime beaucoup ton manteau.
- I really like your coat.
Usage notesEdit
Ton is used before all singular nouns beginning with a vowel or a mute H, even those that are feminine. However, ta is used with singular feminine nouns beginning with an aspirated H.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
| Possessee | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Feminine | |||||
| Possessor | Singular | First person | mon1 | ma | mes | |
| Second person | ton1 | ta | tes | |||
| Third person | son1 | sa | ses | |||
| Plural | First person | notre | nos | |||
| Second person | votre2 | vos2 | ||||
| Third person | leur | leurs | ||||
- 1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Latin tonus. Doublet of tonus, a later borrowing.
NounEdit
ton m (plural tons)
- tone (sound of a particular frequency)
- (music) tone (interval)
- tone (manner of speaking)
- tone, shade (of colour)
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- → Turkish: ton
Further readingEdit
- “ton”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
FriulianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos). Compare Italian tuono, Romansch tun, tung, Dalmatian tun, Romanian tun.
NounEdit
ton m (plural tons)
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin thunnus, from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Compare Italian tonno.
NounEdit
ton m (plural tons)
Etymology 3Edit
Ultimately borrowed from Latin tonus. Compare French ton, Italian tono.
NounEdit
ton m (plural tons)
FulaEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
AdverbEdit
ton
- there, over there
HausaEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tôn m
- ton (unit of weight)
IndonesianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Dutch ton, from Middle Dutch tonne, from Old French [Term?], from Latin tunna, tonna, itself from a Celtic word cognate to Irish tonn (“skin”).
NounEdit
ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)
- ton:
- tonne, metric ton: a unit of weight (mass) equal to 1000 kilograms.
- register ton, a unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m3.
- long ton, weight ton: the avoirdupois or Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016.0469 kg).
- displacement ton
- (colloquial) A thousand rupiah.
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Dutch toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.
NounEdit
ton (first-person possessive tonku, second-person possessive tonmu, third-person possessive tonnya)
- alternative form of tona (“tone”)
Further readingEdit
- “ton” in Online Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language [Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring], Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
NounEdit
ton m (genitive singular toin, nominative plural toin)
- (biology, literature, music) tone
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- aontonach (“monotonous; monotonic”, adj)
- aontonacht f (“monotonicity”)
- aonton m (“monotone”)
- hipeartonach (“hypertonic”, adj)
- hipeartonacht f (“hypertonicity”)
- iltonach (“polytonal”, adj)
- tonúil (“tonal”, adj)
MutationEdit
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| ton | thon | dton |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
ton
Middle EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English tān; equivalent to to + -en (plural suffix).
NounEdit
ton
Old FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin tuus, tuum.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
ton m (feminine ta, plural tes)
- your (second-person singular possessive)
DescendantsEdit
- French: ton
Old JavaneseEdit
VerbEdit
ton
Old OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
ton m (oblique plural tons, nominative singular tons, nominative plural ton)
- tuna (fish)
ReferencesEdit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “thynnus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 13: T–Ti, page 318
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton m inan
- (linguistics, music) tone
- Synonyms: barwa, brzmienie, zabarwienie
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- ton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ton in Polish dictionaries at PWN
RomanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ton m (plural toni)
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French ton, from Latin tonus. Doublet of tun.
NounEdit
ton n (plural tonuri)
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
tȏn m (Cyrillic spelling то̑н)
DeclensionEdit
Skolt SamiEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Samic *tonë.
PronounEdit
ton
- you (singular)
InflectionEdit
Further readingEdit
- Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -on
NounEdit
ton m (uncountable)
- acopocic of tono
Further readingEdit
- “ton”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton n
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of ton | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ton | tonnet | ton | tonnen |
| Genitive | tons | tonnets | tons | tonnens |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton c
- tone (sound of a particular frequency)
- (music) tone (interval)
- tone (behaviour)
- att hålla god ton ― to talk politely (e.g. in a debate)
- tone, shade (of colour)
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of ton | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ton | tonen | toner | tonerna |
| Genitive | tons | tonens | toners | tonernas |
Related termsEdit
- grundton
- halvton
- tona
- tonal
- tonalitet
- tonarm
- tonart
- tonband
- tonbildning
- tondikt
- tondöv
- tonem
- toner
- tonfall
- tonföljd
- tongenerator
- tongivande
- tongång
- tonhuvud
- tonhöjd
- tonika
- toning
- tonkonst
- tonkonstnär
- tonkontroll
- tonlig
- tonläge
- tonlös
- tonlöshet
- tonmålning
- tonomfång
- tonskala
- tonspråk
- tonsteg
- tonstycke
- tonstyrka
- tonstöt
- tonsäker
- tonsäkerhet
- tonsätta
- tonsättare
- tonsättarinna
- tonsättning
- tonträff
- tonträffning
- tonvalstelefon
- tonvikt
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
Ter SamiEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Samic *tonë.
PronounEdit
ton
- you (singular)
Further readingEdit
- Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
TernateEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ton
- Alternative form of toni (“flying fish”)
ReferencesEdit
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
TurkishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
- tone (all senses)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
ton (definite accusative tonu, plural tonlar)
- tuna
- Synonym: ton balığı
VolapükEdit
NounEdit
ton (nominative plural tons)
DeclensionEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Brythonic *tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tundā.
NounEdit
ton f (plural tonnau)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Middle Welsh tonn, from Proto-Celtic *tondā (“surface”), from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *tend- ~ *temh₁- (“to cut”).
NounEdit
ton m (plural tonnau)
- ley, unploughed land
Derived termsEdit
MutationEdit
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| ton | don | nhon | thon |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
ZuniEdit
PronounEdit
ton
- Second person dual subject (medial position)
- you two
- Second person plural subject (medial position)
- you (three or more)