הם

See also: ה״מ and Appendix:Variations of "em"

Hebrew

Inherited from Proto-Semitic *šum. Cognate with Arabic هُم (hum). The central sense is “they”; other senses are by extension.

הֵם • (hem) m pl

they (the third-person masculine plural personal pronoun, masculine plural of הוא (hu'))
those, yon (the masculine plural distant demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural of הוא (hu'))
Synonym: אֵלֶּה (éileh, “these”)

Antonym: אֵלֶּה (éileh)
are (a masculine plural present-tense copula, masculine plural of הוא (hu'))
Synonym: הינם (hinám)

Antonym: אינם (einám)

Like the other personal pronouns, הם is not used as a direct object, as the object of preposition, or as a possessive pronoun; rather, its sense is incorporated into the preceding word (which is usually a preposition, especially in Modern Hebrew), which then appears in its third-person-masculine-plural-personal-pronoun-including form. This applies to its demonstrative-pronoun sense as well, as these senses are not truly distinct.
Like other masculine plural forms, הם is used both with masculine-only antecedents or referents and with mixed-gender antecedents or referents.
Like other masculine plural forms with feminine counterparts in -ן (-n), הם is sometimes substituted for its feminine counterpart הן (in which case it takes feminine adjectives and verbs), but this is not usually considered correct.

^ Samaritan Hebrew merges הם and המה using the former spelling but the pronunciation is derived from the latter.

		singular	plural
1st person		אֲנִי (aní), אנוכי / אָנֹכִי (anokhí)^{[PP 1]}	אֲנַחְנוּ (anákhnu), אָנוּ (ánu)^{[PP 2]}
2nd person	m	אַתָּה (atá)	אַתֶּם (atém)
2nd person	f	אַתְּ (at)	אַתֶּן (atén)
3rd person	m	הוּא (hu)	הֵם (hem)^{[PP 3]}
3rd person	f	הִיא (hi)	הֵן (hen)^{[PP 3]}
^ The form אנוכי / אָנֹכִי (anokhí) occurs many times in the Hebrew Bible, but is basically obsolete today. ^ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, the form אָנוּ (ánu, “we”) is the more formal, אֲנָחנוּ (anákhnu) the more colloquial. ↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 In colloquial Modern Israeli Hebrew, the nominally masculine forms אַתֶּם (atém) and הֵם (hem) are sometimes taken as gender-neutral and substituted for אַתֶּן (atén) and הֵן (hen), this is sometimes considered incorrect.

הֵם • (hem)

those, yon (the masculine plural distant demonstrative adjective, masculine plural of הוא (hu'))
Antonym: אֵלֶּה (éileh, “these”)

הם • (him)