از
Persian edit
Alternative forms edit
- ز (ze) (literary, dialectal)
Etymology edit
From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭭 (az), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎨𐎠 (hacā), from Proto-Iranian *háčā, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔaz]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔæz]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔäz]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | az |
| Dari reading? | az |
| Iranian reading? | az |
| Tajik reading? | az |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Preposition edit
| Dari | از |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | аз |
از • (az)
- of, from
- از او پرسیدم اگر میخواهد به ایران برود. (more literary)
- az u porsidam agar mi-xâhad be irân be-ravad.
- ازش پرسیدم اگه میخواد به ایران بره. (more colloquial)
- az-aš porsidam age mi-xâd be irân be-re.
- I asked of him if he wanted to go to Iran.
- since
- از کی تا حالا؟ ― az key tâ hâlâ? ― Since when?
- than
- این کتاب از آن کتاب بهتر است. (more literary)
- in ketâb az ân ketâb behtar ast.
- این کتاب از اون کتاب بهتره. (more colloquial)
- in ketâb az un ketâb behtar-e.
- This book is better than that one.
Usage notes edit
In standard and colloquial modern Persian (more so in colloquial Persian), the preposition is used with an enclitic pronoun when a pronoun is the object of the sentence. For instance, the phrase “از او پرسیدم” (az u porsidam, lit. “from him (I) asked”) becomes “ازش پرسیدم” (az-aš porsidam) when using the enclitic third-person singular pronoun.
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian از (az).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /əz/