دشمن
Azerbaijani edit
Noun edit
دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər))
Declension edit
Baluchi edit
Noun edit
دشمن • (dušman)
See also edit
- دژمن (dužman)
Khalaj edit
Noun edit
دُشمَن (duşman) (definite accusative دُشمَنؽ, plural دُشمَنلار)
Declension edit
Ottoman Turkish edit
Alternative forms edit
- տիւշմէն (düşmen), տիւշման (düşman) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman) (compare Avar тушман (tušman), Azerbaijani düşmən, Baluchi دژمن (dužman), دشمن (dušman), Bashkir дошман (doşman), Bengali দুশমন (duśmon), Chuvash тӑшман (tăšman), Crimean Tatar duşman, Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Kazakh дұшпан (dūşpan), Kumyk душман (duşman), Northern Kurdish dijmin, دوژمن (dujmin), Macedonian душман (dušman), Moksha душман (dušman), Pashto دوښمن (dux̌mán), دښمن (dox̌mán), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Russian душма́н (dušmán), Sindhi دشمن, Southern Altai тушман (tušman), Tajik душман (dušman), Turkmen duşman, Urdu دشمن (duśman), Uyghur دۈشمەن (düshmen), Uzbek dushman, Zazaki dışmen).
Noun edit
دشمن • (düşmen, düşman)
- enemy, foe
- 1927 October, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Nutuk[1], page 500:
- دشمنلر و خلیفهلر برابر اولهبیلیرلر و هر شی یاپمغه تشبث ایدهبیلیرلر. فقط ، یكی توركیهنك طرز ادارهسنی ، سیاستنی ، قوتی قطعیاً صارصهمزلر.
- Düşmanlar ve halifeler beraber olabilirler ve her şey yapmaya teşebbüs edebilirler. Fakat, yeñi Türkiye'nin tarz idaresini, siyasetini, kuvveti katiyen sarsamazlar.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Descendants edit
Persian edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [duʃ.ˈman]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪oʃ.mǽn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪uʃ.mǽn]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | dušman |
Dari reading? | dušman |
Iranian reading? | došman |
Tajik reading? | dušman |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Noun edit
Dari | دشمن |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | душман |
دُشْمَن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))
Inflection edit
Enclitic-attached forms of دشمن (došman) (Iranian Persian) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Antonyms edit
- دوسْت (dust)
Derived terms edit
- دشمنی (došmani)
Descendants edit
- → Armenian: դուշման (dušman)
- → Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)
- → Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)
- → Avar: тушман (tušman)
- → Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән
- → Bengali: দুশমন (duśmon)
- → Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
- → Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
- → Erzya: душман (dušman)
- → Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Karaim: душман (duşman)
- → Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)
- → Khalaj: duşman
- → Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
- → Moksha: душман (dušman)
- → Old Tati:
- Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)
- → Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
- → Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
- → Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
- → Romani: duśman
- → Russian: душма́н (dušmán)
- → Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)
- → Southern Altai: тушман (tušman)
- → Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)
- → Tatar: дошман (doşman)
- → Turkmen: душман, duşman
- → Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
- → Urdu: دُشْمَن (duśman)
- → Urum: душман (duşman)
- → Uzbek: душман (dushman), dushman
References edit
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192
Punjabi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman). Compare Urdu دُشْمَن (duśman).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /d̪ʊʃᵊ.məɳᵊ/
- Rhymes: -əɳᵊ
Noun edit
دُشْمَݨ • (duśmaṇ) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ)
References edit
- “دشمن”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman). Compare Punjabi دُشْمَݨ (duśmaṇ).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪ʊʃ.mən/
Audio (PK) (file) - Hyphenation: دُشْ‧مَن
- Rhymes: -ən
Noun edit
دُشْمَن • (duśman) m (Hindi spelling दुश्मन)
Declension edit
Declension of دشمن | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | دُشْمَن (duśman) | دُشْمَن (duśman) |
oblique | دُشْمَن (duśman) | دُشْمَنوں (duśmanō̃) |
vocative | دُشْمَن (duśman) | دُشْمَنو (duśmanō) |
Related terms edit
- دُشْمَنِی (duśmanī)
References edit
- The template Template:R:Fallon does not use the parameter(s):
1=ur
2=دشمن Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.S. W. Fallon (1879) “دشمن”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- “دشمن”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “دشمن”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “دشمن”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- “دشمن”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- John Shakespear (1834) “دشمن”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC