دشمن
AzerbaijaniEdit
| Other scripts | |
|---|---|
| Cyrillic | дүшмән |
| Roman | düşmən |
| Perso-Arabic | دوشمن, دشمن |
NounEdit
دشمن (düşmən) (definite accusative دشمنی (düşməni), plural دشمنلر (düşmənlər))
DeclensionEdit
Declension of دشمن
BaluchiEdit
Ottoman TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- دشمن (düşman)
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman).
NounEdit
دشمن • (düşmen)
PersianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšmn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad”) + *men- (“mind”).
PronunciationEdit
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): [doʃˈmæn]
NounEdit
| Dari Persian | دشمن |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | دشمن |
| Tajiki Persian | душман (dušman) |
دشمن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))
InflectionEdit
basic forms of دشمن
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| bare | دشمن (došmán) | دشمن‌ها (došman-hấ) دشمنا (došmanấ) (colloquial) |
| definitive direct object | دشمن را (došmán râ) دشمن رو (došmáno) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌ها را (došman-hấ râ) دشمنا رو (došmanấ ro) (colloquial) |
| ezâfé | دشمن (došmán-e) | دشمن‌های (došman-hấ-ye) دشمنای (došmanấ-ye) (colloquial) |
| marked indefinite, relative definite |
دشمنی (došmán-i) | دشمن‌هایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i) دشمنایی (došmanấi) (colloquial) |
possessive forms of دشمن
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular (my) | دشمنم (došmánam) | دشمن‌هایم (došman-hấyam) دشمن‌هام، دشمنام (došmanấm) (colloquial) |
| 2nd person singular (your) | دشمنت (došmánat) (došmánet) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایت (došman-hấyat) دشمن‌هات، دشمنات (došmanất) (colloquial) |
| 3rd person singular (his/her/its) | دشمنش (došmánaš) (došmáneš) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایش (došman-hấyaš) دشمن‌هاش، دشمناش (došmanấš) (colloquial) |
| 1st person plural (our) | دشمنمان (došmánemân) دشمنمون (došmánemun) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایمان (došman-hấyemân) دشمن‌هامون، دشمنامون (došmanấmun) (colloquial) |
| 2nd person plural (your) | دشمنتان (došmánetân) دشمنتون (došmánetun) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایتان (došman-hấyetân) دشمن‌هاتون، دشمناتون (došmanấtun) (colloquial) |
| 3rd person plural (their) | دشمنشان (došmánešân) دشمنشون (došmánešun) (colloquial) |
دشمن‌هایشان (došman-hấyešân) دشمن‌هاشون، دشمناشون (došmanấšun) (colloquial) |
predicative forms of دشمن
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person (I am/we are) | دشمنم (došmánam) | دشمنیم (došmánim) |
| 2nd person (you are) | دشمنی (došmáni) | دشمنید (došmánid) دشمنین (došmánin) (colloquial) |
| 3rd person (he, she, it is/they are) | دشمن است (došmán ast) دشمنه (došmáne) (colloquial) |
دشمنند (došmánand) دشمنن (došmánan) (colloquial) |
AntonymsEdit
- دوست (dust)
Derived termsEdit
- دشمنی (došmani)
Borrowed termsEdit
- Armenian: դուշման (dušman)
- Assamese: দুছমন (dusmon)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: [script needed] (dižmin)
- Avar: тушман (tušman)
- Azeri: дүшмән / düşmən
- Bashkir: дошман (došman)
- Bengali: দুশমন (duśmôn)
- Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)
- Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)
- Erzya: душман
- Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)
- Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)
- Moksha: душман (dušman)
- Old Tati:
- Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)
- Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)
- Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)
- Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)
- Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (dushmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)
- Romani: dušman
- Russian: душма́н (dušmán)
- Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)
- Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmon)
- Turkmen: душман / duşman
- Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)
- Urdu: دشمن (duśman)
- Uzbek: душман / dushman
ReferencesEdit
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1973), “թշնամի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume II, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 191–192
PunjabiEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Persian دشمن (došman).
NounEdit
دشمن • (dshmn) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ)