خصم
Arabic
editRoot |
---|
خ ص م (ḵ ṣ m) |
13 terms |
Verb
editخَصَمَ • (ḵaṣama) I (non-past يَخْصِمُ (yaḵṣimu), verbal noun خَصْم (ḵaṣm))
Conjugation
edit Conjugation of خَصَمَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive (?), verbal noun خَصْم)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
خَصْم ḵaṣm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
خَاصِم ḵāṣim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَخْصُوم maḵṣūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خَصَمْتُ ḵaṣamtu |
خَصَمْتَ ḵaṣamta |
خَصَمَ ḵaṣama |
خَصَمْتُمَا ḵaṣamtumā |
خَصَمَا ḵaṣamā |
خَصَمْنَا ḵaṣamnā |
خَصَمْتُمْ ḵaṣamtum |
خَصَمُوا ḵaṣamū | |||
f | خَصَمْتِ ḵaṣamti |
خَصَمَتْ ḵaṣamat |
خَصَمَتَا ḵaṣamatā |
خَصَمْتُنَّ ḵaṣamtunna |
خَصَمْنَ ḵaṣamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَخْصِمُ ʔaḵṣimu |
تَخْصِمُ taḵṣimu |
يَخْصِمُ yaḵṣimu |
تَخْصِمَانِ taḵṣimāni |
يَخْصِمَانِ yaḵṣimāni |
نَخْصِمُ naḵṣimu |
تَخْصِمُونَ taḵṣimūna |
يَخْصِمُونَ yaḵṣimūna | |||
f | تَخْصِمِينَ taḵṣimīna |
تَخْصِمُ taḵṣimu |
تَخْصِمَانِ taḵṣimāni |
تَخْصِمْنَ taḵṣimna |
يَخْصِمْنَ yaḵṣimna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَخْصِمَ ʔaḵṣima |
تَخْصِمَ taḵṣima |
يَخْصِمَ yaḵṣima |
تَخْصِمَا taḵṣimā |
يَخْصِمَا yaḵṣimā |
نَخْصِمَ naḵṣima |
تَخْصِمُوا taḵṣimū |
يَخْصِمُوا yaḵṣimū | |||
f | تَخْصِمِي taḵṣimī |
تَخْصِمَ taḵṣima |
تَخْصِمَا taḵṣimā |
تَخْصِمْنَ taḵṣimna |
يَخْصِمْنَ yaḵṣimna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَخْصِمْ ʔaḵṣim |
تَخْصِمْ taḵṣim |
يَخْصِمْ yaḵṣim |
تَخْصِمَا taḵṣimā |
يَخْصِمَا yaḵṣimā |
نَخْصِمْ naḵṣim |
تَخْصِمُوا taḵṣimū |
يَخْصِمُوا yaḵṣimū | |||
f | تَخْصِمِي taḵṣimī |
تَخْصِمْ taḵṣim |
تَخْصِمَا taḵṣimā |
تَخْصِمْنَ taḵṣimna |
يَخْصِمْنَ yaḵṣimna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِخْصِمْ iḵṣim |
اِخْصِمَا iḵṣimā |
اِخْصِمُوا iḵṣimū |
||||||||
f | اِخْصِمِي iḵṣimī |
اِخْصِمْنَ iḵṣimna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | خُصِمْتُ ḵuṣimtu |
خُصِمْتَ ḵuṣimta |
خُصِمَ ḵuṣima |
خُصِمْتُمَا ḵuṣimtumā |
خُصِمَا ḵuṣimā |
خُصِمْنَا ḵuṣimnā |
خُصِمْتُمْ ḵuṣimtum |
خُصِمُوا ḵuṣimū | |||
f | خُصِمْتِ ḵuṣimti |
خُصِمَتْ ḵuṣimat |
خُصِمَتَا ḵuṣimatā |
خُصِمْتُنَّ ḵuṣimtunna |
خُصِمْنَ ḵuṣimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُخْصَمُ ʔuḵṣamu |
تُخْصَمُ tuḵṣamu |
يُخْصَمُ yuḵṣamu |
تُخْصَمَانِ tuḵṣamāni |
يُخْصَمَانِ yuḵṣamāni |
نُخْصَمُ nuḵṣamu |
تُخْصَمُونَ tuḵṣamūna |
يُخْصَمُونَ yuḵṣamūna | |||
f | تُخْصَمِينَ tuḵṣamīna |
تُخْصَمُ tuḵṣamu |
تُخْصَمَانِ tuḵṣamāni |
تُخْصَمْنَ tuḵṣamna |
يُخْصَمْنَ yuḵṣamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُخْصَمَ ʔuḵṣama |
تُخْصَمَ tuḵṣama |
يُخْصَمَ yuḵṣama |
تُخْصَمَا tuḵṣamā |
يُخْصَمَا yuḵṣamā |
نُخْصَمَ nuḵṣama |
تُخْصَمُوا tuḵṣamū |
يُخْصَمُوا yuḵṣamū | |||
f | تُخْصَمِي tuḵṣamī |
تُخْصَمَ tuḵṣama |
تُخْصَمَا tuḵṣamā |
تُخْصَمْنَ tuḵṣamna |
يُخْصَمْنَ yuḵṣamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُخْصَمْ ʔuḵṣam |
تُخْصَمْ tuḵṣam |
يُخْصَمْ yuḵṣam |
تُخْصَمَا tuḵṣamā |
يُخْصَمَا yuḵṣamā |
نُخْصَمْ nuḵṣam |
تُخْصَمُوا tuḵṣamū |
يُخْصَمُوا yuḵṣamū | |||
f | تُخْصَمِي tuḵṣamī |
تُخْصَمْ tuḵṣam |
تُخْصَمَا tuḵṣamā |
تُخْصَمْنَ tuḵṣamna |
يُخْصَمْنَ yuḵṣamna |
Descendants
edit- → Swahili: -hasimu
Noun
editخَصْم • (ḵaṣm) m (plural خُصُوم (ḵuṣūm), feminine خَصْم (ḵaṣm))
Declension
editDeclension of noun خَصْم (ḵaṣm)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَصْم ḵaṣm |
الْخَصْم al-ḵaṣm |
خَصْم ḵaṣm |
Nominative | خَصْمٌ ḵaṣmun |
الْخَصْمُ al-ḵaṣmu |
خَصْمُ ḵaṣmu |
Accusative | خَصْمًا ḵaṣman |
الْخَصْمَ al-ḵaṣma |
خَصْمَ ḵaṣma |
Genitive | خَصْمٍ ḵaṣmin |
الْخَصْمِ al-ḵaṣmi |
خَصْمِ ḵaṣmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | خَصْمَيْن ḵaṣmayn |
الْخَصْمَيْن al-ḵaṣmayn |
خَصْمَيْ ḵaṣmay |
Nominative | خَصْمَانِ ḵaṣmāni |
الْخَصْمَانِ al-ḵaṣmāni |
خَصْمَا ḵaṣmā |
Accusative | خَصْمَيْنِ ḵaṣmayni |
الْخَصْمَيْنِ al-ḵaṣmayni |
خَصْمَيْ ḵaṣmay |
Genitive | خَصْمَيْنِ ḵaṣmayni |
الْخَصْمَيْنِ al-ḵaṣmayni |
خَصْمَيْ ḵaṣmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خُصُوم ḵuṣūm |
الْخُصُوم al-ḵuṣūm |
خُصُوم ḵuṣūm |
Nominative | خُصُومٌ ḵuṣūmun |
الْخُصُومُ al-ḵuṣūmu |
خُصُومُ ḵuṣūmu |
Accusative | خُصُومًا ḵuṣūman |
الْخُصُومَ al-ḵuṣūma |
خُصُومَ ḵuṣūma |
Genitive | خُصُومٍ ḵuṣūmin |
الْخُصُومِ al-ḵuṣūmi |
خُصُومِ ḵuṣūmi |
Descendants
edit- → Azerbaijani: xəsm
- → Middle Armenian: խիսմ (xism)
- → Ottoman Turkish: خصم (hasm, hasım)
- → Persian: خصم (xasm)
- → Swahili: hasimu
Noun
editخَصْم • (ḵaṣm) m
- verbal noun of خَصَمَ (ḵaṣama) (form I)
Declension
editDeclension of noun خَصْم (ḵaṣm)
Noun
editخُصْم • (ḵuṣm) m (plural أَخْصَام (ʔaḵṣām) or خُصُوم (ḵuṣūm))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Declension
editDeclension of noun خُصْم (ḵuṣm)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خُصْم ḵuṣm |
الْخُصْم al-ḵuṣm |
خُصْم ḵuṣm |
Nominative | خُصْمٌ ḵuṣmun |
الْخُصْمُ al-ḵuṣmu |
خُصْمُ ḵuṣmu |
Accusative | خُصْمًا ḵuṣman |
الْخُصْمَ al-ḵuṣma |
خُصْمَ ḵuṣma |
Genitive | خُصْمٍ ḵuṣmin |
الْخُصْمِ al-ḵuṣmi |
خُصْمِ ḵuṣmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | خُصْمَيْن ḵuṣmayn |
الْخُصْمَيْن al-ḵuṣmayn |
خُصْمَيْ ḵuṣmay |
Nominative | خُصْمَانِ ḵuṣmāni |
الْخُصْمَانِ al-ḵuṣmāni |
خُصْمَا ḵuṣmā |
Accusative | خُصْمَيْنِ ḵuṣmayni |
الْخُصْمَيْنِ al-ḵuṣmayni |
خُصْمَيْ ḵuṣmay |
Genitive | خُصْمَيْنِ ḵuṣmayni |
الْخُصْمَيْنِ al-ḵuṣmayni |
خُصْمَيْ ḵuṣmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَخْصَام; خُصُوم ʔaḵṣām; ḵuṣūm |
الْأَخْصَام; الْخُصُوم al-ʔaḵṣām; al-ḵuṣūm |
أَخْصَام; خُصُوم ʔaḵṣām; ḵuṣūm |
Nominative | أَخْصَامٌ; خُصُومٌ ʔaḵṣāmun; ḵuṣūmun |
الْأَخْصَامُ; الْخُصُومُ al-ʔaḵṣāmu; al-ḵuṣūmu |
أَخْصَامُ; خُصُومُ ʔaḵṣāmu; ḵuṣūmu |
Accusative | أَخْصَامًا; خُصُومًا ʔaḵṣāman; ḵuṣūman |
الْأَخْصَامَ; الْخُصُومَ al-ʔaḵṣāma; al-ḵuṣūma |
أَخْصَامَ; خُصُومَ ʔaḵṣāma; ḵuṣūma |
Genitive | أَخْصَامٍ; خُصُومٍ ʔaḵṣāmin; ḵuṣūmin |
الْأَخْصَامِ; الْخُصُومِ al-ʔaḵṣāmi; al-ḵuṣūmi |
أَخْصَامِ; خُصُومِ ʔaḵṣāmi; ḵuṣūmi |
Ottoman Turkish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic خَصْم (ḵaṣm).
Noun
editخصم • (hasm, hasım)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “hasım”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خصم”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 542
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خصم”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 850
Persian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic خَصْم (ḵaṣm).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xasm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xæsm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χäsm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xasm |
Dari reading? | xasm |
Iranian reading? | xasm |
Tajik reading? | xasm |
Noun
editDari | خصم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хасм |
خَسْم • (xasm) (plural خصوم (xosum))
- (literary) enemy, adversary
- Synonym: دشمن (došman)
- c. 1390, Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ, “Ghazal 318”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Ḥāfiẓ][3]:
- تو خوش میباش با حافظ، برو گو خصم جان میده
چو گرمی از تو میبینم، چه باک از خصم دم سردم- tu xwaš mē-bāš bā hāfiz, biraw gū xasm jān mē-dah
čū garmī az tu mē-bēnam či bāk az xasm-i dam sard-am - Be good to Ḥāfiẓ! Go and tell my rival to give up the soul!
When I see warmth from you, what is there to fear from the inarticulate [lit. cold-breathed] rival?
- tu xwaš mē-bāš bā hāfiz, biraw gū xasm jān mē-dah
Derived terms
edit- خصمانه (xasmâne)
Further reading
edit- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “خصم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “خصم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
South Levantine Arabic
editRoot |
---|
خ ص م |
1 term |
Etymology 1
editLearned borrowing from Arabic خَصَمَ (ḵaṣama).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editخصم • (ḵaṣam) I (present بخصم (boḵṣom))
Conjugation
editConjugation of خصم (ḵaṣam) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | خصمت (ḵaṣamt) | خصمت (ḵaṣamt) | خصم (ḵaṣam) | خصمنا (ḵaṣamna) | خصمتو (ḵaṣamtu) | خصمو (ḵaṣamu) | |
f | خصمتي (ḵaṣamti) | خصمت (ḵaṣmat) | ||||||
present | m | بخصم (baḵṣom) | بتخصم (btoḵṣom) | بخصم (boḵṣom) | منخصم (mnoḵṣom) | بتخصمو (btoḵṣomu) | بخصمو (boḵṣomu) | |
f | بتخصمي (btoḵṣomi) | بتخصم (btoḵṣom) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | أخصم (ʔaḵṣom) | تخصم (toḵṣom) | يخصم (yoḵṣom) | نخصم (noḵṣom) | تخصمو (toḵṣomu) | يخصمو (yoḵṣomu) | |
f | تخصمي (toḵṣomi) | تخصم (toḵṣom) | ||||||
imperative | m | اخصم (oḵṣom) | اخصمو (oḵṣomu) | |||||
f | اخصمي (oḵṣomi) |
Etymology 2
editLearned borrowing from Arabic خَصْم (ḵaṣm).
Noun
editCategories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root خ ص م
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel i
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic masculine and feminine nouns by sense
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian literary terms
- Persian terms with quotations
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root خ ص م
- South Levantine Arabic terms borrowed from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic learned borrowings from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic verbs
- South Levantine Arabic form-I verbs
- South Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns