سرج

Arabic

سَرْج

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic סַרְגָא (sargā) (in Classical Syriac ܣܰܪܓܳܐ), from סְרַג (srag, “to bind, to plait”) (in Classical Syriac ܣܪܰܓ).

A theory diffused by Abaev derives the word from Iranian, compare Sogdian [script needed] (sʾγr /⁠sāγr⁠/), Ossetian саргъ (sarǧ), but the Iranic words are, if related, perhaps more likely to come from Arabic, or Aramaic, the existence of which he fails to note; the same assertion is made by Corriente/Pereira/Vicente “in spite of the Syriac”, because “the greater part of the Semitic basic lexicon with respect to horses is introduced into the Middle East by Indo-Europeans”.

However, apart from the fact that camels too bear saddles, that notion is vague on statistical grounds: If one goes through the list of horse tack terms, there are just few, particularly less important terms from this semantical field that can only be presumed to be Iranian, comprising بَرْذَعَة (barḏaʕa, “packsaddle”) and جُوَالَق (juwālaq, “saddlebag”), نَمَط (namaṭ, “a rug laid over a saddle”), رَسَن (rasan, “noseband”). Others like خُرْج (ḵurj, “saddlebag”) and لِجَام (lijām, “bridle”) have only vaguely been claimed to be Iranian and themselves been “reborrowed” into Persian, and have Semitic explanations too, or one has much evidence on one side like one has on the other, so for شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”). Thus it is here: The correspondence of the Aramaic consonants is regular to those of Arabic شَرَّجَ (šarraja, “to weave around”), as has been indicated already by Fraenkel.

Noun

سَرْج • (sarj) m (plural سُرُوج (surūj))

1. saddle

Declension

Declension of noun سَرْج (sarj)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سَرْج sarj	السَّرْج as-sarj	سَرْج sarj
nominative	سَرْجٌ sarjun	السَّرْجُ as-sarju	سَرْجُ sarju
accusative	سَرْجًا sarjan	السَّرْجَ as-sarja	سَرْجَ sarja
genitive	سَرْجٍ sarjin	السَّرْجِ as-sarji	سَرْجِ sarji
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سَرْجَيْن sarjayn	السَّرْجَيْن as-sarjayn	سَرْجَيْ sarjay
nominative	سَرْجَانِ sarjāni	السَّرْجَانِ as-sarjāni	سَرْجَا sarjā
accusative	سَرْجَيْنِ sarjayni	السَّرْجَيْنِ as-sarjayni	سَرْجَيْ sarjay
genitive	سَرْجَيْنِ sarjayni	السَّرْجَيْنِ as-sarjayni	سَرْجَيْ sarjay
plural	basic broken plural triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سُرُوج surūj	السُّرُوج as-surūj	سُرُوج surūj
nominative	سُرُوجٌ surūjun	السُّرُوجُ as-surūju	سُرُوجُ surūju
accusative	سُرُوجًا surūjan	السُّرُوجَ as-surūja	سُرُوجَ surūja
genitive	سُرُوجٍ surūjin	السُّرُوجِ as-surūji	سُرُوجِ surūji

Descendants

• Maltese: sarġ
• → Kanuri: sǝrdu
  • → Hausa: sirdi
• → Ottoman Turkish: سرج (serc)
• → Swahili: saruji

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic סְרַג (srag, “to bind, to plait; to girth; to saddle”) (in Classical Syriac ܣܪܰܓ); in the meaning “to saddle” denominal verb in Arabic. Doublet of شَرَجَ (šaraja, “to put together, to interweave”).

Verb

سَرَجَ • (saraja) I (non-past يَسْرُجُ (yasruju), verbal noun سَرْج (sarj))

1. to plait, to twine
2. to lie, to sham
3. to saddle

Conjugation

Conjugation of سَرَجَ (I, sound, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun سَرْج)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سَرْج sarj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						سَارِج sārij
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَسْرُوج masrūj
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَرَجْتُ sarajtu	سَرَجْتَ sarajta	سَرَجَ saraja		سَرَجْتُمَا sarajtumā	سَرَجَا sarajā		سَرَجْنَا sarajnā	سَرَجْتُمْ sarajtum	سَرَجُوا sarajū
	f		سَرَجْتِ sarajti	سَرَجَتْ sarajat			سَرَجَتَا sarajatā			سَرَجْتُنَّ sarajtunna	سَرَجْنَ sarajna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَسْرُجُ ʔasruju	تَسْرُجُ tasruju	يَسْرُجُ yasruju		تَسْرُجَانِ tasrujāni	يَسْرُجَانِ yasrujāni		نَسْرُجُ nasruju	تَسْرُجُونَ tasrujūna	يَسْرُجُونَ yasrujūna
	f		تَسْرُجِينَ tasrujīna	تَسْرُجُ tasruju			تَسْرُجَانِ tasrujāni			تَسْرُجْنَ tasrujna	يَسْرُجْنَ yasrujna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَسْرُجَ ʔasruja	تَسْرُجَ tasruja	يَسْرُجَ yasruja		تَسْرُجَا tasrujā	يَسْرُجَا yasrujā		نَسْرُجَ nasruja	تَسْرُجُوا tasrujū	يَسْرُجُوا yasrujū
	f		تَسْرُجِي tasrujī	تَسْرُجَ tasruja			تَسْرُجَا tasrujā			تَسْرُجْنَ tasrujna	يَسْرُجْنَ yasrujna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَسْرُجْ ʔasruj	تَسْرُجْ tasruj	يَسْرُجْ yasruj		تَسْرُجَا tasrujā	يَسْرُجَا yasrujā		نَسْرُجْ nasruj	تَسْرُجُوا tasrujū	يَسْرُجُوا yasrujū
	f		تَسْرُجِي tasrujī	تَسْرُجْ tasruj			تَسْرُجَا tasrujā			تَسْرُجْنَ tasrujna	يَسْرُجْنَ yasrujna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُسْرُجْ usruj			اُسْرُجَا usrujā				اُسْرُجُوا usrujū
	f		اُسْرُجِي usrujī							اُسْرُجْنَ usrujna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُرِجْتُ surijtu	سُرِجْتَ surijta	سُرِجَ surija		سُرِجْتُمَا surijtumā	سُرِجَا surijā		سُرِجْنَا surijnā	سُرِجْتُمْ surijtum	سُرِجُوا surijū
	f		سُرِجْتِ surijti	سُرِجَتْ surijat			سُرِجَتَا surijatā			سُرِجْتُنَّ surijtunna	سُرِجْنَ surijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسْرَجُ ʔusraju	تُسْرَجُ tusraju	يُسْرَجُ yusraju		تُسْرَجَانِ tusrajāni	يُسْرَجَانِ yusrajāni		نُسْرَجُ nusraju	تُسْرَجُونَ tusrajūna	يُسْرَجُونَ yusrajūna
	f		تُسْرَجِينَ tusrajīna	تُسْرَجُ tusraju			تُسْرَجَانِ tusrajāni			تُسْرَجْنَ tusrajna	يُسْرَجْنَ yusrajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسْرَجَ ʔusraja	تُسْرَجَ tusraja	يُسْرَجَ yusraja		تُسْرَجَا tusrajā	يُسْرَجَا yusrajā		نُسْرَجَ nusraja	تُسْرَجُوا tusrajū	يُسْرَجُوا yusrajū
	f		تُسْرَجِي tusrajī	تُسْرَجَ tusraja			تُسْرَجَا tusrajā			تُسْرَجْنَ tusrajna	يُسْرَجْنَ yusrajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسْرَجْ ʔusraj	تُسْرَجْ tusraj	يُسْرَجْ yusraj		تُسْرَجَا tusrajā	يُسْرَجَا yusrajā		نُسْرَجْ nusraj	تُسْرَجُوا tusrajū	يُسْرَجُوا yusrajū
	f		تُسْرَجِي tusrajī	تُسْرَجْ tusraj			تُسْرَجَا tusrajā			تُسْرَجْنَ tusrajna	يُسْرَجْنَ yusrajna

Verb

سَرَّجَ • (sarraja) II (non-past يُسَرِّجُ (yusarriju), verbal noun سَرْج (sarj))

1. to saddle

Conjugation

Conjugation of سَرَّجَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun سَرْج)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						سَرْج sarj
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُسَرِّج musarrij
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُسَرَّج musarraj
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سَرَّجْتُ sarrajtu	سَرَّجْتَ sarrajta	سَرَّجَ sarraja		سَرَّجْتُمَا sarrajtumā	سَرَّجَا sarrajā		سَرَّجْنَا sarrajnā	سَرَّجْتُمْ sarrajtum	سَرَّجُوا sarrajū
	f		سَرَّجْتِ sarrajti	سَرَّجَتْ sarrajat			سَرَّجَتَا sarrajatā			سَرَّجْتُنَّ sarrajtunna	سَرَّجْنَ sarrajna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَرِّجُ ʔusarriju	تُسَرِّجُ tusarriju	يُسَرِّجُ yusarriju		تُسَرِّجَانِ tusarrijāni	يُسَرِّجَانِ yusarrijāni		نُسَرِّجُ nusarriju	تُسَرِّجُونَ tusarrijūna	يُسَرِّجُونَ yusarrijūna
	f		تُسَرِّجِينَ tusarrijīna	تُسَرِّجُ tusarriju			تُسَرِّجَانِ tusarrijāni			تُسَرِّجْنَ tusarrijna	يُسَرِّجْنَ yusarrijna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَرِّجَ ʔusarrija	تُسَرِّجَ tusarrija	يُسَرِّجَ yusarrija		تُسَرِّجَا tusarrijā	يُسَرِّجَا yusarrijā		نُسَرِّجَ nusarrija	تُسَرِّجُوا tusarrijū	يُسَرِّجُوا yusarrijū
	f		تُسَرِّجِي tusarrijī	تُسَرِّجَ tusarrija			تُسَرِّجَا tusarrijā			تُسَرِّجْنَ tusarrijna	يُسَرِّجْنَ yusarrijna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَرِّجْ ʔusarrij	تُسَرِّجْ tusarrij	يُسَرِّجْ yusarrij		تُسَرِّجَا tusarrijā	يُسَرِّجَا yusarrijā		نُسَرِّجْ nusarrij	تُسَرِّجُوا tusarrijū	يُسَرِّجُوا yusarrijū
	f		تُسَرِّجِي tusarrijī	تُسَرِّجْ tusarrij			تُسَرِّجَا tusarrijā			تُسَرِّجْنَ tusarrijna	يُسَرِّجْنَ yusarrijna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		سَرِّجْ sarrij			سَرِّجَا sarrijā				سَرِّجُوا sarrijū
	f		سَرِّجِي sarrijī							سَرِّجْنَ sarrijna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	سُرِّجْتُ surrijtu	سُرِّجْتَ surrijta	سُرِّجَ surrija		سُرِّجْتُمَا surrijtumā	سُرِّجَا surrijā		سُرِّجْنَا surrijnā	سُرِّجْتُمْ surrijtum	سُرِّجُوا surrijū
	f		سُرِّجْتِ surrijti	سُرِّجَتْ surrijat			سُرِّجَتَا surrijatā			سُرِّجْتُنَّ surrijtunna	سُرِّجْنَ surrijna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُسَرَّجُ ʔusarraju	تُسَرَّجُ tusarraju	يُسَرَّجُ yusarraju		تُسَرَّجَانِ tusarrajāni	يُسَرَّجَانِ yusarrajāni		نُسَرَّجُ nusarraju	تُسَرَّجُونَ tusarrajūna	يُسَرَّجُونَ yusarrajūna
	f		تُسَرَّجِينَ tusarrajīna	تُسَرَّجُ tusarraju			تُسَرَّجَانِ tusarrajāni			تُسَرَّجْنَ tusarrajna	يُسَرَّجْنَ yusarrajna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُسَرَّجَ ʔusarraja	تُسَرَّجَ tusarraja	يُسَرَّجَ yusarraja		تُسَرَّجَا tusarrajā	يُسَرَّجَا yusarrajā		نُسَرَّجَ nusarraja	تُسَرَّجُوا tusarrajū	يُسَرَّجُوا yusarrajū
	f		تُسَرَّجِي tusarrajī	تُسَرَّجَ tusarraja			تُسَرَّجَا tusarrajā			تُسَرَّجْنَ tusarrajna	يُسَرَّجْنَ yusarrajna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُسَرَّجْ ʔusarraj	تُسَرَّجْ tusarraj	يُسَرَّجْ yusarraj		تُسَرَّجَا tusarrajā	يُسَرَّجَا yusarrajā		نُسَرَّجْ nusarraj	تُسَرَّجُوا tusarrajū	يُسَرَّجُوا yusarrajū
	f		تُسَرَّجِي tusarrajī	تُسَرَّجْ tusarraj			تُسَرَّجَا tusarrajā			تُسَرَّجْنَ tusarrajna	يُسَرَّجْنَ yusarrajna

Noun

سَرْج • (sarj) m

1. verbal noun of سَرَجَ (saraja) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun سَرْج (sarj)

singular	basic singular triptote
	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	سَرْج sarj	السَّرْج as-sarj	سَرْج sarj
nominative	سَرْجٌ sarjun	السَّرْجُ as-sarju	سَرْجُ sarju
accusative	سَرْجًا sarjan	السَّرْجَ as-sarja	سَرْجَ sarja
genitive	سَرْجٍ sarjin	السَّرْجِ as-sarji	سَرْجِ sarji

Descendants

• → Spanish: azarja

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

سُرُج • (suruj) pl

1. plural of سِرَاج (sirāj)

Further reading

• “srg”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “سرج”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 645
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 101
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “سرج”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 306
• Lane, Edward William (1863-1893) “سرج”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1343.
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “سرج”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 564

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic سَرْج (sarj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sarʒ/

Noun

سرج • (sarj) m (plural سروجة (srūja) or سروج (srūj))

1. saddle