سرطان

Arabic

سَرَطَان

Alternative forms

• سَلْطَعُون (salṭaʕūn), سَلْطَعَان (salṭaʕān), سَلْعَطَان (salʕaṭān), زَلْعَطَان (zalʕaṭān), سَرْطَعَان (sarṭaʕān), سَرْطَعُون (sarṭaʕūn)

Etymology

Compare Classical Syriac ܣܪܛܢܐ (sarṭānā), and Hebrew סַרְטָן (sarṭā́n).

The medical sense is possibly a semantic loan from Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos).

Noun

سَرَطَان • (saraṭān) m (plural سَرَطَانَات (saraṭānāt) or سَرَاطِين (sarāṭīn))

1. crab

   السَّرَطَان (as-saraṭān, “Cancer (sign of the zodiac)”)

   سَرَطَان بَحْرِيّ (saraṭān baḥriyy, “lobster”)

2. (pathology, uncountable) cancer, carcinoma
3. the fourth solar month (June to July, Saudi Arabia)

Declension

Declension of noun سَرَطَان (saraṭān)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَرَطَان saraṭān	السَّرَطَان as-saraṭān	سَرَطَان saraṭān
Nominative	سَرَطَانٌ saraṭānun	السَّرَطَانُ as-saraṭānu	سَرَطَانُ saraṭānu
Accusative	سَرَطَانًا saraṭānan	السَّرَطَانَ as-saraṭāna	سَرَطَانَ saraṭāna
Genitive	سَرَطَانٍ saraṭānin	السَّرَطَانِ as-saraṭāni	سَرَطَانِ saraṭāni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَرَطَانَيْن saraṭānayn	السَّرَطَانَيْن as-saraṭānayn	سَرَطَانَيْ saraṭānay
Nominative	سَرَطَانَانِ saraṭānāni	السَّرَطَانَانِ as-saraṭānāni	سَرَطَانَا saraṭānā
Accusative	سَرَطَانَيْنِ saraṭānayni	السَّرَطَانَيْنِ as-saraṭānayni	سَرَطَانَيْ saraṭānay
Genitive	سَرَطَانَيْنِ saraṭānayni	السَّرَطَانَيْنِ as-saraṭānayni	سَرَطَانَيْ saraṭānay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَرَطَانَات‎; سَرَاطِين saraṭānāt‎; sarāṭīn	السَّرَطَانَات‎; السَّرَاطِين as-saraṭānāt‎; as-sarāṭīn	سَرَطَانَات‎; سَرَاطِين saraṭānāt‎; sarāṭīn
Nominative	سَرَطَانَاتٌ‎; سَرَاطِينُ saraṭānātun‎; sarāṭīnu	السَّرَطَانَاتُ‎; السَّرَاطِينُ as-saraṭānātu‎; as-sarāṭīnu	سَرَطَانَاتُ‎; سَرَاطِينُ saraṭānātu‎; sarāṭīnu
Accusative	سَرَطَانَاتٍ‎; سَرَاطِينَ saraṭānātin‎; sarāṭīna	السَّرَطَانَاتِ‎; السَّرَاطِينَ as-saraṭānāti‎; as-sarāṭīna	سَرَطَانَاتِ‎; سَرَاطِينَ saraṭānāti‎; sarāṭīna
Genitive	سَرَطَانَاتٍ‎; سَرَاطِينَ saraṭānātin‎; sarāṭīna	السَّرَطَانَاتِ‎; السَّرَاطِينِ as-saraṭānāti‎; as-sarāṭīni	سَرَطَانَاتِ‎; سَرَاطِينِ saraṭānāti‎; sarāṭīni

Descendants

• → Spanish: zaratán
• → Middle Armenian: սարատան (saratan), սարատայն (saratayn), սարաթան (saratʻan)
• → Persian: سرطان (saratân)
• → Swahili: saratani

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “سرطان”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 648
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “سلعطان”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[2] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 675

Pashto

Noun

سرطان • (saratā́n) m

1. crawfish, crayfish, crab
2. (Medicine) cancer, carcinoma
3. (Astrology) Cancer (the constellation), saratan (fourth month of the solar calendar)

References

• Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “سرطان”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press
• “سرطان”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَرَطَان (saraṭān).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sa.ɾa.ˈtɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.ɹæ.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.ɾä.t̪ʰɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	saratān
Dari reading?	saratān
Iranian reading?	saratân
Tajik reading?	saraton

Noun

Dari	سرطان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	саратон

سرطان • (saratân)

1. (pathology) cancer, carcinoma
2. crab (crustaceans)

Derived terms

• سرطان‌زا (saratân-zâ)
• سرطانی (saratâni)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic سَرَطَان (saraṭān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.ra.tˤaːn/, [sˤɑ.rɑˈtˤɑːn]

Noun

سرطان • (saraṭān) m (plural سرطانات (saraṭānāt))

1. crab
2. (astrology) Cancer

See also

Signs of the Zodiac · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj)
الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”)	التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”)	الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”)	السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”)
الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”)	العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”)	الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”)	العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”)
القوس (il-ʔōs, “Sagittarius”)	الجدي (il-jidi, “Capricorn”)	الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”)	الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”)