عقرب

See also: غفرت

Arabic

Etymology

From Proto-Semitic *ʕaḳrab-. Compare Jewish Palestinian Aramaic עַקְרַבָּא (ʿaqraḇā), Classical Syriac ܥܶܩܰܪܒܳܐ (ʿeqarbā), Hebrew עַקְרָב (ʿaqrāḇ), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎖𐎗𐎁 (ʿqrb), Ge'ez ዐቅረብ (ʿäḳräb); attested as a Semitic word since Akkadian 𒀝𒊏𒁍 (aqrabu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaq.rab/
  • (Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ʕaɡ.rab/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /ʕaq.rab/

Noun

عَقْرَب • (ʕaqrab) m (plural عَقَارِب (ʕaqārib))

1. scorpion

   الْعَقْرَب (al-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”)

2. (astronomy) Scorpius, a constellation of the zodiac
3. (astrology) Scorpio, the zodiac sign for the scorpion
4. hour hand of a clock, so named from its ending in two prongs

Declension

Declension of noun عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَقْرَب ʕaqrab	الْعَقْرَب al-ʕaqrab	عَقْرَب ʕaqrab
Nominative	عَقْرَبٌ ʕaqrabun	الْعَقْرَبُ al-ʕaqrabu	عَقْرَبُ ʕaqrabu
Accusative	عَقْرَبًا ʕaqraban	الْعَقْرَبَ al-ʕaqraba	عَقْرَبَ ʕaqraba
Genitive	عَقْرَبٍ ʕaqrabin	الْعَقْرَبِ al-ʕaqrabi	عَقْرَبِ ʕaqrabi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَقْرَبَيْن ʕaqrabayn	الْعَقْرَبَيْن al-ʕaqrabayn	عَقْرَبَيْ ʕaqrabay
Nominative	عَقْرَبَانِ ʕaqrabāni	الْعَقْرَبَانِ al-ʕaqrabāni	عَقْرَبَا ʕaqrabā
Accusative	عَقْرَبَيْنِ ʕaqrabayni	الْعَقْرَبَيْنِ al-ʕaqrabayni	عَقْرَبَيْ ʕaqrabay
Genitive	عَقْرَبَيْنِ ʕaqrabayni	الْعَقْرَبَيْنِ al-ʕaqrabayni	عَقْرَبَيْ ʕaqrabay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَقَارِب ʕaqārib	الْعَقَارِب al-ʕaqārib	عَقَارِب ʕaqārib
Nominative	عَقَارِبُ ʕaqāribu	الْعَقَارِبُ al-ʕaqāribu	عَقَارِبُ ʕaqāribu
Accusative	عَقَارِبَ ʕaqāriba	الْعَقَارِبَ al-ʕaqāriba	عَقَارِبَ ʕaqāriba
Genitive	عَقَارِبَ ʕaqāriba	الْعَقَارِبِ al-ʕaqāribi	عَقَارِبِ ʕaqāribi

Derived terms

• قَلْب اَلْعَقْرَب (qalb al-ʕaqrab) (Antares)

Descendants

• Maltese: għakreb
• Moroccan Arabic: عقرب (ʕaqrab)
• → Armenian: աղրաբ (aġrab)
• → Azerbaijani: əqrəb / әгрәб
• → Khalaj: aqrab
• → Persian: عقرب ('aqrab)
• → Old Navarro-Aragonese: alacran
  • Aragonese: alacrán, alicrán, arraclán, arriclán
• → Old Catalan: alacrà
  • Catalan: alacrà, alicrà, aliacrà
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: alacran
  • Portuguese: lacrau, lacraia, alacrau, alacrara
• → Old Spanish: alacran
  • Spanish: alacrán
    • → Tagalog: alakdan
• → Swahili: akrabu
• → Ottoman Turkish: عقرب (ʼakreb)
  • Turkish: akrep
  • → Albanian: akrep
  • → Armenian: ախրէպ (axrēp)
  • → Laz: აკრეპი (aǩrep̌i), აქრები (akrebi) — Artasheni, ანკრეპი (anǩrep̌i)
• → Uzbek: aqrab

References

• “Proto-Semitic root: *ʕaḳrab-; Number 2340” in Georgiy Starostin, Tower of Babel, Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin.

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaɡ.rab/

Noun

عقرب • (ʕagrab) m (plural عَقارِب (ʕagārib))

1. scorpion
2. (astrology) Scorpio, the zodiac sign for the scorpion
3. hour hand of a clock, so named from its ending in two prongs

Khalaj

Noun

عَقرَب (aqrab) (definite accusative عَقرَبؽ, plural عَقرَبلار)

1. Arabic spelling of aqrab (“scorpion”)

Declension

Declension of عقرب

	singular	plural
nominative	عقرب	عقربلار
genitive	عقربؽݧ	عقربلارؽݧ
dative	عقربقا	عقربلارقا
definite accusative	عقربؽ	عقربلارؽ
locative	عقربچا	عقربلارچا
ablative	عقربدا	عقربلاردا
instrumental	عقربلا	عقربلارلا
equative	عقربوارا	عقربلاروارا

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaq.rab/

Noun

عقرب • (ʕaqrab) m (plural عقارب (ʕqārib))

1. scorpion

Ottoman Turkish

عقرب

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab, “scorpion”), itself from Proto-Semitic *ʕaḳrab-.

Noun

عقرب • (ʼakreb) (definite accusative عقربی (ʼakrebi), plural عقارب (ʼakarîb))

1. scorpion, any of the arachnids in the order Scorpiones provided with pincers and a sting

   Synonym: كژدم (kejdum)

2. hour hand, little hand, the short hand of a clock or watch face that indicates the hours

   Synonym: ساعت عقربی (saʼat ʼakrebi)

3. (astronomy) Scorpius, a constellation of the zodiac in the southern celestial hemisphere
4. (astrology) Scorpio, the zodiac sign for the scorpion covering October 23 - November 22

Derived terms

• اولمش عقرب صوقمز (ölmüş ʼakreb sokmaz, “a dead scorpion does not sting”)
• ساعت عقربی (saʼat ʼakrebi, “hour hand”)
• عقرب اوتی (ʼakreb otu, “scorpion's tail”)
• عقرب دلیكی (ʼakreb deliği, “scorpion's hole”)
• عقرب قویروغی (ʼakreb kuyruğu, “scorpioid”)
• عقرب پراچولی (ʼakreb paraçolü, “sternpost”)
• عقرب یاغی (ʼakreb yağı, “scorpion oil”)
• عقربان (ʼakrubân, “male scorpion”)
• عقربك (ʼakrebek, “little scorpion”)
• عقربه (ʼakrebe, “female scorpion”)
• عقربی (ʼakrebî, “scorpioid”)
• قلب العقرب (kalbüʼl-ʼakreb, “the star Antares”)

Descendants

• Turkish: akrep
• → Albanian: akrep
• → Armenian: ախրէպ (axrēp)
• → Laz: აკრეპი (aǩrep̌i), აქრები (akrebi) — Artasheni, ანკრეპი (anǩrep̌i)

Further reading

• Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1886) “عقرب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume II, Paris: E. Leroux, page 362
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “akrep”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 177
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “akreb”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 29
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “عقرب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 854
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Scorpio”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1521
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “عقرب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 3297
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “akrep”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عقرب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1311

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔaq.ˈɾaβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäq.ɾǽb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäq.ɾǽb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäq.ɾǽb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäq.ɾǽb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæʁ.ɹǽb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäq.ɾǽb]

Readings
Classical reading?	aqraḇ
Dari reading?	aqrab
Iranian reading?	ağrab
Tajik reading?	aqrab

Noun

Dari	کژدم
Iranian Persian	عقرب
Tajik	каждум

عقرب • (aqrab) (plural عقرب‌ها (aqrab-hâ))

1. scorpion

   Synonym: کژدم (každom)

   • c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 172:

     چو عقربیست بمه زلف او که بر جانم
     ازو بهر سر مو صد هزار نیش آید

     čū aqrabē-st ba-mah zulf-i ō ki bar jānam
     az ō ba-har sar-i mō sad hazār nēš āyad

     The tresses that are upon [the face of] my beloved are like a scorpion on the moon;
     A hundred thousand stings come from her from the end of every strand of hair.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. (astronomy) Scorpius (constellation)
3. (astrology) Scorpio (zodiac)
4. hour hand of a clock

Further reading

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عقرب”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕaq.rab/, [ˈʕɑq.rˤɑb]

Noun

عقرب • (ʕaqrab) m (plural عقارب (ʕaqārib))

1. scorpion
2. (astrology) Scorpio

See also

Zodiac signs in South Levantine Arabic · الأبراج (il-ʔabrāj) (layout · text)
الحمل (il-ḥamal, “Aries”)	التور (it-tōr, “Taurus”)	الجوزاء (il-jōzāʔ, “Gemini”)	السرطان (is-saraṭān, “Cancer”)
الأسد (il-ʔasad, “Leo”)	العذراء (il-ʕazrāʔ, “Virgo”)	الميزان (il-mīzān, “Libra”)	العقرب (il-ʕaqrab, “Scorpio”)
القوس (il-qōs, “Sagittarius”)	الجدي (il-jadi, “Capricorn”)	الدلو (id-dalu, “Aquarius”)	الحوت (il-ḥūt, “Pisces”)