عشر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Numeral

عَشْر • (ʿašr) f (masculine عَشَرَة‎ (ʿašara))

1. feminine of عَشَرَة‎ (ʿašara, “ten”)

Descendants

• → Bengali: আসর (aśôr)

Etymology 2

Numeral

عَشَرَ • (ʿašara) m (feminine عَشْرَةَ‎ (ʿašrata))

1. -teen (in numerals 11–19, e.g. أَحَدَ عَشَرَ‎ (ʾaḥada ʿašara, “eleven”))

Etymology 3

Arabic numbers ^(edit)

←  9	١٠ 10
Cardinal: عَشَرَة‎ (ʿašara)     Ordinal: عَاشِر‎ (ʿāšir)     Multiplier: عُشَارِيّ‎ (ʿušāriyy), مُعَشَّر‎ (muʿaššar)     Distributive: عُشَارَ‎ (ʿušāra)     Fractional: عُشُر (ʿušur), عُشْر (ʿušr)

From the root ع ش ر‎ (ʿ-š-r); compare عَشَرَة‎ (ʿašara, “ten”).

Noun

عُشُر or عُشْر • (ʿušur or ʿušr) m (plural أَعْشَار‎ (ʾaʿšār))

1. one tenth

Declension

Declension of noun عُشُر (ʿušur)‎; عُشْر (ʿušr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُشُر‎; عُشْر ʿušur‎; ʿušr	الْعُشُر‎‎; الْعُشْر‎ al-ʿušur‎; al-ʿušr	عُشُر‎; عُشْر ʿušur‎; ʿušr
Nominative	عُشُرٌ‎; عُشْرٌ ʿušurun‎; ʿušrun	الْعُشُرُ‎‎; الْعُشْرُ‎ al-ʿušuru‎; al-ʿušru	عُشُرُ‎; عُشْرُ ʿušuru‎; ʿušru
Accusative	عُشُرًا‎‎; عُشْرًا‎ ʿušuran‎; ʿušran	الْعُشُرَ‎‎; الْعُشْرَ‎ al-ʿušura‎; al-ʿušra	عُشُرَ‎; عُشْرَ ʿušura‎; ʿušra
Genitive	عُشُرٍ‎; عُشْرٍ ʿušurin‎; ʿušrin	الْعُشُرِ‎‎; الْعُشْرِ‎ al-ʿušuri‎; al-ʿušri	عُشُرِ‎; عُشْرِ ʿušuri‎; ʿušri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُشُرَيْن‎‎; عُشْرَيْن‎ ʿušurayn‎; ʿušrayn	الْعُشُرَيْن‎‎; الْعُشْرَيْن‎ al-ʿušurayn‎; al-ʿušrayn	عُشُرَيْ‎‎; عُشْرَيْ‎ ʿušuray‎; ʿušray
Nominative	عُشُرَانِ‎‎; عُشْرَانِ‎ ʿušurāni‎; ʿušrāni	الْعُشُرَانِ‎‎; الْعُشْرَانِ‎ al-ʿušurāni‎; al-ʿušrāni	عُشُرَا‎‎; عُشْرَا‎ ʿušurā‎; ʿušrā
Accusative	عُشُرَيْنِ‎‎; عُشْرَيْنِ‎ ʿušurayni‎; ʿušrayni	الْعُشُرَيْنِ‎‎; الْعُشْرَيْنِ‎ al-ʿušurayni‎; al-ʿušrayni	عُشُرَيْ‎‎; عُشْرَيْ‎ ʿušuray‎; ʿušray
Genitive	عُشُرَيْنِ‎‎; عُشْرَيْنِ‎ ʿušurayni‎; ʿušrayni	الْعُشُرَيْنِ‎‎; الْعُشْرَيْنِ‎ al-ʿušurayni‎; al-ʿušrayni	عُشُرَيْ‎‎; عُشْرَيْ‎ ʿušuray‎; ʿušray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْشَار‎ ʾaʿšār	الْأَعْشَار‎ al-ʾaʿšār	أَعْشَار‎ ʾaʿšār
Nominative	أَعْشَارٌ‎ ʾaʿšārun	الْأَعْشَارُ‎ al-ʾaʿšāru	أَعْشَارُ‎ ʾaʿšāru
Accusative	أَعْشَارًا‎ ʾaʿšāran	الْأَعْشَارَ‎ al-ʾaʿšāra	أَعْشَارَ‎ ʾaʿšāra
Genitive	أَعْشَارٍ‎ ʾaʿšārin	الْأَعْشَارِ‎ al-ʾaʿšāri	أَعْشَارِ‎ ʾaʿšāri

See also

• نِصْف‎ (niṣf, “a half”), ثُلْث‎ (ṯulṯ, “a third”), رُبْع‎ (rubʿ, “a fourth, a quarter”), خُمْس‎ (ḵums, “a fifth”), سُدْس‎ (suds, “a sixth”), سُبْع‎ (subʿ, “a seventh”), ثُمْن‎ (ṯumn, “an eighth”), تُسْع‎ (tusʿ, “a ninth”)

Etymology 4

عُشَر – Calotropis procera

عُشَر – Calotropis gigantea

From the root ع ش ر‎ (ʿ-š-r), perhaps in the sense of association because the fibrous plant yields cordage for medicinal purposes.

Alternative forms

• عُشَار‎ (ʿušār)

Noun

عُشَر or عُشْر • (ʿušar or ʿušr) m

1. apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) as well as crown flower (Calotropis gigantea), milkweed (the genus Calotropis, which has only these two species and Calotropis acia in India)

   Synonym: تُرُنْجَان الثَعْلَب‎ (turunjān aṯ-ṯaʿlab) (Al-Andalus)

Declension

Declension of noun عُشَر (ʿušar)‎; عُشْر (ʿušr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُشَر‎; عُشْر ʿušar‎; ʿušr	الْعُشَر‎‎; الْعُشْر‎ al-ʿušar‎; al-ʿušr	عُشَر‎; عُشْر ʿušar‎; ʿušr
Nominative	عُشَرٌ‎; عُشْرٌ ʿušarun‎; ʿušrun	الْعُشَرُ‎‎; الْعُشْرُ‎ al-ʿušaru‎; al-ʿušru	عُشَرُ‎; عُشْرُ ʿušaru‎; ʿušru
Accusative	عُشَرًا‎‎; عُشْرًا‎ ʿušaran‎; ʿušran	الْعُشَرَ‎‎; الْعُشْرَ‎ al-ʿušara‎; al-ʿušra	عُشَرَ‎; عُشْرَ ʿušara‎; ʿušra
Genitive	عُشَرٍ‎; عُشْرٍ ʿušarin‎; ʿušrin	الْعُشَرِ‎‎; الْعُشْرِ‎ al-ʿušari‎; al-ʿušri	عُشَرِ‎; عُشْرِ ʿušari‎; ʿušri

Descendants

• → French: ochar
• → German: Oscher

Further reading

• عُشَار – Calotropis procera‎ on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar
• عُشَار – Calotropis gigantea‎ on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar
• نوارة علي محمد، نجية محمد جادالله، غزاله إبراهيم فضيل وأسماء محمد المبروك (2018-09-25) , “على نمو بعض الممرضات النباتية Calotropis gigantea والعشر Zingiber officinale تأثير مستخلصات الزنجبيل [The Effect of Plant Extracts (Zingiber officinale and Calotropis gigantea) on the Growth of some plant pathogens]”, in Libyan Journal for Plant Protection‎^[1], volume 2018, issue 8