پرورش

Persian

Etymology

پرور (parvar-, present stem of پروردن (parvardan, “to foster”)) +‎ ـش (-eš).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [paɾ.wa.ɾiʃ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.wä.ɾɪʃ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.wä.ɾɪʃ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.wä.ɾɪʃ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.wä.ɾiʃ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰæɹ.væ.ɹeʃ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰäɾ.vä.ɾiʃ]

Readings
Classical reading?	parwariš
Dari reading?	parwariš
Iranian reading?	parvareš
Tajik reading?	parvariš

Noun

Dari	پرورش
Iranian Persian
Tajik	парвариш

پَروَرِش • (parvareš)

1. breeding, nourishing, raising (e.g. of an animal)

   پرورش اسب ― parvareš-e asb ― horse breeding

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 1634:

     شیر داد و پرورش اطفال را، چشمه کرده سینه‌ی هر زال را

     šir dâd o parvareš-e atfâl-râ, češme karde sine-ye har zâl-râ.

     He [God] hath given milk and nourishment for babes; He hath made the breast of every wife a fountain [of milk].

2. education, training

Derived terms

(verbs)

• پرورش دادن (parvareš dâdan, “to raise”)
• پرورش یافتن (parvareš yâftan, “to be raised”)

 

(others)

• پرورشگاه (parvarešgâh)

 

Urdu

Etymology

First attested in c. 1582 as Middle Hindi پرورش (parvariś), from Classical Persian پرورش (parvariš).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /pəɾ.ʋə.ɾɪʃ/
• Rhymes: -ɪʃ
• Hyphenation: پَر‧وَ‧رِش

Noun

پَرْوَرِش • (parvariś) f (Hindi spelling परवरिश)

1. nurture, upbringing

   Synonym: پال پوس (pāl pos)

2. (by extension) fostering
3. (figuratively) compassion

Declension

Declension of پرورش
	singular	plural
direct	پَرْوَرِش (parvariś)	پَرْوَرِشیں (parvariśẽ)
oblique	پَرْوَرِش (parvariś)	پَرْوَرِشوں (parvariśõ)
vocative	پَرْوَرِش (parvariś)	پَرْوَرِشو (parvariśo)

Further reading

• “پرورش”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “پرورش”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “پرورش”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.