پیس

Khalaj

Adjective

پیس (pîs)

1. Arabic spelling of pîs (“ugly”)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian پیس (pis, “leprosy”), from Middle Persian [script needed] (pys /⁠pēs⁠/, “mottled, leprous; leprosy”).

Noun

پیس • (pis)

1. leprosy, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae

   Synonym: جذام (cüzam)

Adjective

پیس • (pis)

1. leprous, relating to or infected with one of the diseases known as leprosy

   Synonym: آلاجه (alaca)

2. (by extension) dirty, filthy, soiled, covered with or containing dirt or grime

   Synonym: مردار (murdar)

3. (by extension) mean, stingy, miserly, unwilling to spend, give, or share

Derived terms

• پیسلتمك (pisletmek, “to make or let be dirty”)
• پیسلك (pislik, “dirt, filth”)
• پیسلمك (pislemek, “to soil, befoul”)
• پیسلنمك (pislenmek, “to become dirty”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: pis
• → Albanian: pis
• → Armenian: փիս (pʻis)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “pis5”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3862
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “پیس”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 139a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “پیس”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 331
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Lepra”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 936
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “پیس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 988
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “pis”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “پیس”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 464

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (pys /⁠pēs⁠/, “mottled, leprous; leper”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ-. Akin to Old Armenian պիսակ (pisak), an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [peːs]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰeːs]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰeːs]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [pʰeːs]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [pʰeːs]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰiːs]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [pʰes]

Readings
Classical reading?	pēs
Dari reading?	pēs
Iranian reading?	pis
Tajik reading?	pes

Noun

پیس • (pis)

1. leprosy

Adjective

پیس • (pis)

1. leprous
2. (transferred sense) vile, ignoble

Related terms

• پیسه (pise)

Descendants

• → Armenian: փիս (pʻis) (via Turkic)
• → Azerbaijani: pis
• → Georgian: ფისი (pisi)
• → Khalaj: pîs
• → Northern Kurdish: pîs
• → Middle Armenian: փիս (pʻis)
• → Ottoman Turkish: پیس (pis)
  • Turkish: pis
  • → Albanian: pis
  • → Armenian: փիս (pʻis)
• → Pashto: پېس (pes)

References

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պիսակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 84–85
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, pages 230–231
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 68
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “پیس”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 265