Assyrian Neo-Aramaic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
ܟ ܦ ܪ (k p r)
1 term

The second sense comes from the association of apostatizing and disbelieving in a religion with cursing and reviling; compare Classical Syriac ܟܦܲܪ (kəp̄ar), Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), and Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation edit

  • (standard) IPA(key): [kaːpɪr]
  • (Nineveh Plains) IPA(key): [kaːpɪr]
  • (Urmian) IPA(key): [kaːpɪr]

Verb edit

ܟܵܦܹܪ (kāpēr) (present participle ܟܦܵܪܵܐ (kpārā), past participle ܟܦܝܼܪܵܐ (kpīrā))

  1. (archaic, formal) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize [+ ܒ- (object)]
  2. to curse, revile (usually in regards to religion) [+ ܒ- (object)]
Inflection edit

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (standard) IPA(key): [kəpar.]

Noun edit

ܟܦܲܪ (kparm sg (plural ܟܲܦܪ̈ܲܝ (kapray))

  1. singular construct state of ܟܲܦܪܵܐ (kaprā, hamlet)

Classical Syriac edit

Etymology 1 edit

From the root ܟ-ܦ-ܪ (k-p-r) related to denying; compare Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation edit

  • (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈk(ə.)far]
  • (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈkpar]
  • (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈkfɑr]

Verb edit

ܟܦܪ (kəp̄ar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܘܪ (neḵpor)) (peal construction)

  1. to wipe, wipe clean, scour
  2. (usually with ܒ-) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize
    • Peshitta, Matthew 10:22:
      ܡܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܢܟܦܘܪ ܒܝ ܩܕܡ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ. ܐܟܦܘܪ ܒܗ ܐܦ ܐܢܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܒܝ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ.
      man dên də-neḵpor bī qəḏām bənaynāšā, ʾeḵpor bēh ʾāp̄ ʾĕnā qəḏām ʾāḇ[y] də-ḇa-šəmayyā.
      But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven.
  3. (with ܡܢ) to repel
  4. (with ܛܝܒܘܬܐ) to be ungrateful

Etymology 2 edit

Intensitive form of the above

Pronunciation edit

  • (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈkap.par]
  • (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈkap.par]
  • (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [kɑˈfɑr]

Verb edit

ܟܦܪ (kappar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܪ (nəḵappar)) (pael construction)

  1. to scour, wipe dry, rub dry (hands etc.)
  2. to wipe away (tears etc.)
  3. (figuratively) to disperse, clear out, blot out; cleanse, purify
  4. to consume; destroy, obliterate
  5. to remove
  6. to compel, apostatise/apostatize, force to deny
  7. to browse

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (Classical Edessan) IPA(key): [ˈk(ə.)far]
  • (Eastern Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈkpar]
  • (Western Syriac) IPA(key): [ˈkfɑr]

Noun edit

ܟܦܪ (kəp̄ar)

  1. absolute singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, hamlet)
  2. construct state singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, hamlet)

References edit

  • kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-21
  • Audo, Toma (1897) ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ [Treasure of the Syriac Language] (in Classical Syriac), Mosul: Imprimerie des Pères Dominicains, pages 477b-478b
  • Brock, Sebastian P. & Kiraz, George A. (2015) Gorgias Concise Syriac-English, English-Syriac Dictionary, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press: ܟܦܪ [from sedra.bethmardutho.org, accessed on Jun. 20, 2021]
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 160b-161a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 223a-b
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana; Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 644a-b