ܒ-
See also: ܒ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
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Etymology
editFrom Aramaic בְּ־ (bə-), ultimately Proto-Semitic *bV- (“with, in, at, among”) with likely interrelation with Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“site, location; nest, house”); compare Arabic بِ- (bi-) and Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-).
Pronunciation 1
edit- (Standard, preceding a consonant and a vowel) IPA(key): [b-], [bə-]
- (Standard, preceding two consonants) IPA(key): [bɪ-]
- (Standard, preceding /b/ or /p/ with a vowel after) IPA(key): [ʔɪb-]
Preposition
editܒ- • (b-)
- various senses: in, on, upon, at, among, to, into, by, about, as, against, during
- ܝܼܘܲܚ ܒܫܘܼܩܵܐ ― īwaḥ b-šuqā ― We are at the market.
- ܡܡܘܼܠܸܠ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܠܸܚܕ݂ܵܕ݂ܹܐ ܒܨܲܦܪܵܐ.
- mullil lhon liḥḏāḏē b-ṣaprā
- They spoke in the morning.
- per, by, through, throughout
- on (a medium of communication)
- Synonym: ܥܲܠ (ˁal)
- ܚܸܙܝܵܐ ܠܲܢ ܒ-ܦܪܵܣܚܸܙܘܵܐ. ― ḥizyā lan b-prāsḥizwā. ― We saw it on TV.
- ܫܡܝܼܥ ܠܲܢ ܥܲܠܘܿܗ̇ ܒ-ܦܪܵܣܩܵܠܵܐ.
- šmīˁ lan ˁallōh b-prāsqālā.
- We heard about it on the radio.
- ܟܠܹܗ ܝܲܘܡܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܡܲܠܠܝܼ ܒ-ܚܘܼܛܵܡܲܠܵܠܵܐ!
- kullēh yawmā kē mmallī b-ḥūṭāmallālā!
- All day they talk on the phone!
- marking the definite direct object; the person or thing affected by an action
- Synonym: ܠ- (l-)
- according to
- expressing composition, substance
- Synonym: ܡ̣ܢ (min)
- ܓܲܢܬ݂ܵܐ ܡܠܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܒܗܲܒܵܒ݂ܹ̈ܐ ― ganṯā mlīṯā b-habbāḇē ― A garden full of flowers.
- (instrumentally) with
- Synonym: ܡ̣ܢ (min)
- ܡܠܝܼ ܠܵܗ̇ ܒܡܲܝ̈ܵܐ ― mlī lāh b-mayyā ― Fill it with water.
- ܦܪܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ ܒܸܣܪܵܐ ܒܣܲܟܝܼܢܵܐ.
- prim lī bisrā b-sakkīnā.
- I cut the meat with a knife.
- ܨܪܝܼܚ ܠܹܗ ܒܩܵܠܵܐ ܪܵܡܵܐ. ― ṣriḥ lēh b-qālā rāmā. ― He shouted with a loud voice.
- Used with an adjective to indicate the superlative.
- ܡܒܘܼܪܲܟ݂ܬܵܐ ܝܘܲܬܝ ܒܢܸܫܹ̈ܐ
- mburaḵtā ìwat b-niššē
- Blessed are you among women.
- (literally, “You are the most blessed of women.”)
- ܝܼܠܹܗ ܐܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ܒܓܲܒ݂ܪܹ̈ܐ ― īlēh arrīḵā b-gaḇrē ― He is the tallest of the men.
- denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for
- Synonym: ܩܵܐ (qā)
- ܙܒ݂ܝܼܢܹܗ ܠܝܼ ܒܬܠܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܐܲܠܦܹ̈ܐ ܕܹܝܢܵܪܹ̈ܐ.
- zḇīnēh lī b-tlāṯā alpē dēnārē
- I bought it for three thousand denarii.
- forming dates using the months
- ܫܒ݂ܲܥܣܲܪ ܒܫܒ݂ܵܛ ― šḇaˤsar b-šḇāṭ ― The seventeenth of February
- ܬܡܵܢܝܵܐ ܒܐܝܼܠܘܿܠ ― tmānyā b-īlōl ― The eighth of September
- ܪܹܝܫ ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ ܐܵܫܘܿܪܵܝܬܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܚܲܕ݇ ܒܢܝܼܣܵܢ.
- rēš šēttā āšorāytā ìlēh ḥa b-nīsān
- Assyrian New Year is on the first of April.
Usage notes
edit- Unlike English in, ܒ- (b-) cannot easily mean into; rather, ܠ- (l-, “to”) is generally used for that sense.
- Like English in, ܒ- (b-) is a fairly weak word; when the sense is that of being in a place, the word ܓܵܘ (gāw, “within, inside”) may be used as a stronger variant.
- Unlike English in, -ܒ (-b) is strictly a preposition, and always takes an object; ܠܓܵܘܵܐ (l-gāwā, “in, inside”) is used without an object.
Inflection
editBase Form | ܒ- (b-) | Base Form | ܒܝܼ- (bī-) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personal-pronoun including forms | Personal-pronoun including forms | ||||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||||
m | f | m | f | ||||
1st person | ܒܝܼ (bī) | ܒܲܢ (ban) | 1st person | ܒܝܼܝܼ (bīyī) | ܒܝܼܲܢ (bīyan) | ||
2nd person | ܒܘܼܟ݂ (būḵ) | ܒܵܟ݂ܝ (bāḵ) | ܒܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (bawḵōn) | 2nd person | ܒܝܼܘܼܟ݂ (bīyūḵ) | ܒܝܼܵܟ݂ܝ (bīyāḵ) | ܒܝܼܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (bīyawḵōn) |
3rd person | ܒܹܗ (bēh) | ܒܵܗ̇ (bāh) | ܒܗܘܿܢ (bhōn) | 3rd person | ܒܝܼܹܗ (bīyēh) | ܒܝܼܵܗ̇ (bīyāh) | ܒܝܼܗܘܿܢ (bīhōn) |
Pronunciation 2
editParticle
editܒܸ- or ܒܹ- or ܒܝܼ • (bi- or bē- or bī)
- In G stem verbs attached to the verbal noun to form the gerund to form progressive verbs
- ܝܼܠܹܗ ܒܸܩܪܵܝܵܐ ― īlēh biqrāyā ― He is reading
- ܝܼܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܒܸܩܪܵܝܵܐ ― īwā biqrāyā ― He was reading
- ܒܸܕ ܗܵܘܹܐ ܒܸܩܪܵܝܵܐ
- bid hāwē biqrāyā
- He will be reading; He is probably reading.
Usage notes
edit- In most verbs, the vowel is zlāmā pšīqā (as in ܒܸܦܬܵܚܵܐ (biptāḥā))
- ܒܸ- (bi-) undergoes changes if the verb starts with the following:
- In verbs starting with ālap, the vowel is zlāmā qišyā (as in ܒܹܐ݇ܟ݂ܵܠܵܐ (bēḵālā))
- In verbs starting with yōḏ, the vowel is zlāmā qišyā (as in ܒܝܼܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ (bītāḇā))
- Sometimes the verb stem undergoes metathesis (as in ܒܸܠܝܵܦܵܐ (bilyāpā))
Classical Syriac
editEtymology
editCompare Arabic بِ- (bi-), Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-).
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): [b(ə)-] (preceding a consonant and vowel)
- IPA(key): [ba-] (preceding a two-consonant cluster)
Preposition
editܒ- • (bə-, ba-)
- various senses: in, on, upon, at, among, to, into, by, according to, for, because, about, as, against, during
- (instrumentally) with
- (with an adjective, forming a superlative) -est, most
- (with a substantive, forming an adverb) -ly
Inflection
editTakes type-I suffixes.
person | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | m | f | |
1st person | ܒܝ | ܒܢ | ||
2nd person | ܒܟ | ܒܟܝ | ܒܟܘܢ | ܒܟܝܢ |
3rd person | ܒܗ | ܒܗ | ܒܗܘܢ | ܒܗܝܢ |
See also
edit- ܒ (b)
References
edit- “b_”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2020-01-04
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 23a
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 33b–34a
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 114a
Categories:
- Visual dictionary
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms inherited from Aramaic
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms derived from Aramaic
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic lemmas
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic prepositions
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with usage examples
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic particles
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic prefixes
- Classical Syriac terms with IPA pronunciation
- Classical Syriac lemmas
- Classical Syriac prepositions
- Classical Syriac prefixes