ܟܪܟܐ

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Derived from Demotic grg or from the root ܟ-ܪ-ܟ (k-r-k) related to encircling. Compare Hebrew כְּרַךְ (kəraḵ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kar(ə)xɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [kar(ə)xe] (plural)

Noun

ܟܪܟܐ • (karəḵā) m (plural ܟܪܟܐ (karəḵē))

1. walled city or town, fortress
2. enclosure

Usage notes

A ܟܪܟܐ (karəḵā) is generally larger than a ܡܚܘܙܐ (māḥōzā).

Inflection

    inflection of ܟܪܟܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܟܪܟ	ܟܪܟܝܢ
construct	ܟܪܟ	ܟܪܟܝ
emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ	ܟܪܟܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܟܪܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܟܪܟܟ	ܟܪܟܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܟܪܟܢ	ܟܪܟܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܝܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܟܪܟܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܟܪܟܗܝܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܝܢ

Descendants

• → Old French: crac
  • French: krak

Etymology 2

From the root ܟ-ܪ-ܟ (k-r-k) related to encircling. Compare Hebrew כֶּרֶךְ (kéreḵ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɛrkɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [kɛrke] (plural)

Noun

ܟܪܟܐ • (kerkā) m (plural ܟܪܟܐ (kerkē))

1. roll
2. scroll, codex
3. book, tome, volume
4. sphere
5. eddy

Inflection

    inflection of ܟܪܟܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܟܪܟ	ܟܪܟܝܢ
construct	ܟܪܟ	ܟܪܟܝ
emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ	ܟܪܟܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܟܪܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܟܪܟܟ	ܟܪܟܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܟܪܟܢ	ܟܪܟܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܝܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܟܪܟܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܟܪܟܗܝܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

From the root ܟ-ܪ-ܟ (k-r-k) related to encircling. Compare Akkadian 𒆠𒅕𒆪 (/⁠kirku⁠/, “roll”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic כְּרָכָא (kərāḵā, “large mat”). Doubtfully connected in the sense “woof” to Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [k(ə)rɑxɑ] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [k(ə)rɑxe] (plural)

Noun

ܟܪܟܐ • (kərāḵā) m (plural ܟܪܟܐ (kərāḵē))

1. circuit, course
2. revolving, revolution
3. (astronomy) orbit
4. bindweed
5. woof, weft

Inflection

    inflection of ܟܪܟܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܟܪܟ	ܟܪܟܝܢ
construct	ܟܪܟ	ܟܪܟܝ
emphatic	ܟܪܟܐ	ܟܪܟܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܟܪܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܟܪܟܟ	ܟܪܟܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܝ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܟܪܟܗ	ܟܪܟܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܟܪܟܢ	ܟܪܟܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܟܪܟܟܝܢ	ܟܪܟܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܟܪܟܗܘܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܟܪܟܗܝܢ	ܟܪܟܝܗܝܢ

References

• “krk”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “krk²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• “krk³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 162b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 227b
• Peust, Carsten (2010) Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten (Göttinger Miszellen. Beihefte; 8)‎^[1] (in German), Göttingen, page 43
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 654a–b