कुमार

See also: कमर, कमरा, कमरे, कमरो, कमरों, कुमरी, कुमारी, and कैमरा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कुमार (kumāra).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /kʊ.mɑːɾ/, [kʊ.mäːɾ]

Noun

कुमार • (kumār) m (feminine कुमारी)

youth, young person
bachelor
prince (shortened from राजकुमार (rājkumār))

Declension

Declension of कुमार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कुमार kumār	कुमार kumār
oblique	कुमार kumār	कुमारों kumārõ
vocative	कुमार kumār	कुमारो kumāro

Proper noun

कुमार • (kumār) m

a male given name, Kumar, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of कुमार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	कुमार kumār	कुमार kumār
oblique	कुमार kumār	कुमारों kumārõ
vocative	कुमार kumār	कुमारो kumāro

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কুমাৰ (Assamese script)
ᬓᬸᬫᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
কুমার (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰲𑰦𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑀼𑀫𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
ကုမာရ (Burmese script)
કુમાર (Gujarati script)
ਕੁਮਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍁𑌮𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦸꦩꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂳𑂧𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಕುಮಾರ (Kannada script)
កុមារ (Khmer script)
ກຸມາຣ (Lao script)
കുമാര (Malayalam script)
ᡬᡠᠮᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘳𑘦𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢉᠤᠮᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧔𑧆𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐸𑐩𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
କୁମାର (Odia script)
ꢒꢸꢪꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆶𑆩𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖲𑖦𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
කුමාර (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩒𑩴𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚰𑚢𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
குமார (Tamil script)
కుమార (Telugu script)
กุมาร (Thai script)
ཀུ་མཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒳𑒧𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨃𑨢𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ku-ma- (“tender, young”) (with *ku denoting "small and weak") and cognate with Persian (kudak, “child”), deriving further from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *ku-mo- (“small, weak”) and possibly connected to Ancient Greek σκύμνος (skúmnos, “cub, whelp”), Lithuanian kumẽlė (“mare”), and Latvian kumeļš (“foal”).

Another theory takes the word as a compound of कु- (ku-, “intensifying prefix”) + a form of म्लै (mlai, “to fade, wither, decay, be languid or exhausted”).

Finally, Kuiper considers the word as borrowed from Dravidian.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ku.mɑː.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /kuˈmɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

कुमार • (kumārá) stem, m

a child, boy, youth
a son
prince, heir apparent associated in the kingdom with the reigning monarch
a groom

Usage notes

Used as another name for कार्त्तिकेय (kārttikeya, “Hindu god of war”).

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कुमार (kumārá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कुमारः kumāráḥ	कुमारौ / कुमारा¹ kumāraú / kumārā́¹	कुमाराः / कुमारासः¹ kumārā́ḥ / kumārā́saḥ¹
Vocative	कुमार kúmāra	कुमारौ / कुमारा¹ kúmārau / kúmārā¹	कुमाराः / कुमारासः¹ kúmārāḥ / kúmārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कुमारम् kumārám	कुमारौ / कुमारा¹ kumāraú / kumārā́¹	कुमारान् kumārā́n
Instrumental	कुमारेण kumāréṇa	कुमाराभ्याम् kumārā́bhyām	कुमारैः / कुमारेभिः¹ kumāraíḥ / kumārébhiḥ¹
Dative	कुमाराय kumārā́ya	कुमाराभ्याम् kumārā́bhyām	कुमारेभ्यः kumārébhyaḥ
Ablative	कुमारात् kumārā́t	कुमाराभ्याम् kumārā́bhyām	कुमारेभ्यः kumārébhyaḥ
Genitive	कुमारस्य kumārásya	कुमारयोः kumāráyoḥ	कुमाराणाम् kumārā́ṇām
Locative	कुमारे kumāré	कुमारयोः kumāráyoḥ	कुमारेषु kumāréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Assamese: কোঁৱৰ (kü̃or)
→ Khmer: កុមារ (ko’maa)
→ Malayalam: കുമാരൻ (kumāraṉ)
→ Punjabi: ਕੁਮਾਰ (kumār) (learned)
→ Tamil: குமாரன் (kumāraṉ)
→ Telugu: కుమారుడు (kumāruḍu)
→ Thai: กุมาร (gù-maan)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “कुमार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 292/1.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 368-9
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 232-3
Charles Rockwell Lanman (1920) A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes