kingdom

English

Alternative forms

• kingdome (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English kingdom, kyngdom, from Old English cyningdōm from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz, equivalent to king +‎ -dom. Cognate with Scots kingdom, West Frisian keuningdom, Dutch koningdom, German Königtum, Danish kongedømme, Swedish kungadöme, and Icelandic konungdómur.

Etymology tree

Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz

Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm

Old English cyningdōm

Middle English kingdom

English kingdom

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: kĭng'dəm, IPA^(key): /ˈkɪŋdəm/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪŋdəm
• Hyphenation: king‧dom

Noun

kingdom (plural kingdoms)

1. A realm having a king or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.
   • 1993, Allen Wyatt, W Edward Tiley, Jon Paisley, Using MS-DOS 6.2:

     A few other key remappings occur when you use the United Kingdom country...

   • 2023, Santanu Bhattacharya, One Small Voice, Fig Tree, page 11:

     ‘Lucknow is not a village. It is a city with a thousand years of civilization. It was the capital of the Awadh kingdom.ʼ

2. A realm, region, or conceptual space where something is dominant.

   the kingdom of thought

   the kingdom of the dead

3. (taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).
   • 1839, Jonathan Pereira, The Elements of Materia Medica:

     The Organized and inorganized kingdoms are distinguished from each other by peculiarities of chemical composition, of form and structure, and of actions or functions.

   • 2022, Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai, Microbial Symbionts, page 811:

     It has micobiont from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota belonging to kingdom Fungi and photobiont from Trebouxia species.

Synonyms

• (realm): kingric (Britain dialectal, obsolete)
• (taxonomic rank): regnum

Hyponyms

• animal kingdom
• plant kingdom
• vegetable kingdom

Derived terms

• blow to kingdom come
• Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
• hermit kingdom
• infrakingdom
• it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God
• keys of the kingdom
• keys to the kingdom
• kingdom come
• Kingdom County
• Kingdom of Bahrain
• Kingdom of Belgium
• Kingdom of Bhutan
• Kingdom of Cambodia
• Kingdom of Denmark
• Kingdom of England
• Kingdom of Eswatini
• kingdom of glory
• Kingdom of Great Britain
• Kingdom of Heaven
• Kingdom of Ireland
• Kingdom of Lesotho
• Kingdom of Morocco
• Kingdom of Norway
• kingdom of Pisces
• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
• Kingdom of Scotland
• Kingdom of Spain
• Kingdom of Sweden
• Kingdom of Thailand
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
• Kingdom of Tonga
• my kingdom for a horse
• overkingdom
• Roman Kingdom
• subkingdom
• superkingdom
• United Kingdom
• United Kingdom of Great Britain
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
• unkingdom

Translations

realm having as supreme ruler a king or queen

• Acehnese: keurajeuën
• Afrikaans: koninkryk (af)
• Aghwan: 𐕞𐕡𐕀𐕒𐕡𐕎 (üwxun)
• Albanian: mbretëria (sq) f, mretënía f (Gheg)
• Arabic: مَمْلَكَة (ar) f (mamlaka)

  Egyptian Arabic: مملكة f (mamlaka)

• Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ f (malkūṯā)

  Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מַלְכּוּתָא f (malkūṯā)

• Armenian: թագավորություն (hy) (tʻagavorutʻyun), արքայություն (hy) (arkʻayutʻyun)
• Aromanian: vãsilii f, amirãrilji f, duvleti f, crat n
• Asturian: reinu (ast) m
• Azerbaijani: krallıq (az), sultanlıq, padşahlıq
• Basque: erresuma
• Bavarian: Kinereich
• Belarusian: карале́ўства n (karaljéŭstva), ца́рства n (cárstva)
• Bengali: রাজ্য (bn) (rajjo), সালতানাত (bn) (saltanat), মুলুক (bn) (muluk)
• Berber:

  Tashelhit: tagldit f

• Bikol Central: kahadean
• Breton: rouantelezh (br) f
• Bulgarian: кра́лство n (králstvo)
• Burmese: တိုင်းပြည် (my) (tuing:prany)
• Catalan: regne (ca) m
• Chechen: элибахам (elibaxam), пачхьалкх (pačḥʳalq)
• Chichewa: ufumu
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 王國 / 王国 (wong⁴ gwok³)

  Hokkien: 王國 / 王国 (zh-min-nan) (ông-kok)

  Mandarin: 王國 / 王国 (zh) (wángguó), 君主國 / 君主国 (zh) (jūnzhǔguó)

• Cornish: ruvaneth f
• Czech: království (cs) n
• Dalmatian: raigno m
• Danish: kongerige (da) n, kongedømme n, rige
• Dutch: koninkrijk (nl) n
• Esperanto: reĝlando
• Estonian: kuningriik (et)
• Fala: reinu m
• Faroese: kongsríki n
• Finnish: kuningaskunta (fi)
• French: royaume (fr) m
• Friulian: ream m
• Galician: reino (gl) m
• Georgian: სამეფო (samepo)
• German: Königreich (de) n, Königtum (de) n
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹 f (þiudangardi)
• Greek: βασίλειο (el) n (vasíleio), βασιλεία (el) f (vasileía)

  Ancient: βασιλεία f (basileía)

• Greenlandic: kunngeqarfik (kl)
• Hawaiian: aupuni mōʻī
• Hebrew: מַמְלָכָה (he) f (mamlakhá), מלכות (he) f (malkhút)
• Hindi: राज्य (hi) m (rājya), बादशाहत (hi) f (bādśāhat), सल्तनत (hi) f (saltanat)
• Hungarian: királyság (hu)
• Hunsrik: Keenichreich n
• Icelandic: konungsríki (is) n, konungsdæmi n, konungsveldi n
• Ido: rejio (io)
• Indonesian: kerajaan (id)
• Irish: ríocht f
• Italian: regno (it) m, reame (it) m
• Japanese: 王国 (ja) (おうこく, ōkoku)
• Kannada: ರಾಜ್ಯ (kn) (rājya)
• Karelian: suarinmua
• Kazakh: корольдік (koroldık), корольдық (koroldyq), бектік (bektık), патшалық (patşalyq)
• Khmer: រាជាណាចក្រ (riəciənaacak), ចក្រភព (km) (cakkɑphup), នគរ (km) (nɔkɔɔ)
• Korean: 왕국(王國) (ko) (wangguk)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: مەملەکەت (memleket)

  Northern Kurdish: keyîtî (ku), qiralî (ku), padîşahî (ku), şahitî (ku)

• Kven: kuninkhaanriiki, kuningasriikki
• Kyrgyz: королевство (korolevstvo), падышалык (ky) (padışalık)
• Lao: ອານາຈັກ (lo) (ʼā nā chak), ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກ (pha ra rāt ʼā nā chak)
• Latgalian: kieneste f
• Latin: rēgnum (la) n
• Latvian: karaliste f, valstība f, valstība f
• Ligurian: régno
• Lingala: bokonzi class 14
• Lithuanian: karalystė (lt) f
• Low German:

  German Low German: Königriek n

• Luganda: olubiri
• Lule Sami: gånågisrijkka
• Luxembourgish: Kinnekräich (lb) n
• Macedonian: кралство n (kralstvo)
• Malay: kerajaan (ms), kedatuan, mamlakat
• Maltese: renju
• Manx: reeriaght f
• Maori: kīngitanga, rangatiratanga (mi)
• Maranao: ndato'an, ndatoan, ilian
• Marathi: राज्य (mr) n (rājya)
• Middle French: royaulme m
• Moksha: оцязорксши (ocäzorksši)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: вант улс (vant uls)

• Nahuatl: hueyitlahtohcayotl
• Nepali: अधिराज्य (ne) (adhirājya)
• Norman: rouoyaume m (Jersey), reyoume m (continental Normandy), rouoyanme m (Guernsey), royaûme m (Guernsey)
• North Frisian: kiningrik
• Northern Sami: gonagasriika
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: kongerike (no) n, kongedømme (no) n

• Occitan: reialme (oc) m, reiaume (oc) m
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: цѣсарьство n (cěsarĭstvo)

• Old English: rīċe n
• Old French: reaume m
• Old Saxon: kuningdom m, rīki n
• Pannonian Rusyn: кральовство n (kralʹovstvo)
• Papiamentu: reino
• Pashto: پاچايي (ps) f (pāčāyi), بادشاهي f (bādšāhi), باچاهي (ps) f (bāčāhi), باچايي f (bāčāyi), پاچاهي f (pāčāhi), سلطنت (ps) m (səltanat, soltanat)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: پادِشاهی (pâdešâhi), پادْشاهی (pâdšâhi), سَلْطَنَت (saltanat), ^{(please verify)} شَهْرِیاری (šahriyâri)

• Polabian: ťenądztwü n
• Polish: królestwo (pl) n
• Portuguese: reino (pt) m
• Romanian: regat (ro) n
• Romansch: reginavel m, reginam m, raginam m, reginom m
• Russian: короле́вство (ru) n (korolévstvo), ца́рство (ru) n (cárstvo) (tsardom)
• Sardinian: regnu, aregnu, rennu
• Saterland Frisian: Köönichriek
• Scots: kingdom, kinrick
• Scottish Gaelic: rìoghachd f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: кра́љевство n, кра́љевина f

  Roman: králjevstvo (sh) n, králjevina (sh) f

• Silesian: krōlestwo
• Sinhalese: රාජ්යය (rājyaya)
• Slovak: kráľovstvo (sk) n
• Slovene: kraljevina (sl) f, kraljestvo (sl) n
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: kralojstwo n

  Upper Sorbian: kralestwo n

• Southern Sami: gånkarijhke
• Spanish: reino (es) m
• Sranan Tongo: kownukondre
• Swahili: ufalme, milki
• Swedish: kungarike (sv) n, konungarike (sv) n, kungadöme (sv) n, konungadöme (sv) n
• Tagalog: kaharian
• Tajik: подшоҳӣ (podšohi), подишоҳӣ (podišohi), салтанат (saltanat)
• Tamil: இராஜ்யம் (ta) (irājyam), அரசு (ta) (aracu)
• Tatar: патшалык (tt) (patşalıq)
• Telugu: రాజ్యము (te) (rājyamu)
• Thai: อาณาจักร (th) (aa-naa-jàk)
• Tumbuka: ufumu
• Turkish: krallık (tr)
• Turkmen: şalyk, patyşalyk
• Ukrainian: королі́вство (uk) n (korolívstvo), ца́рство (uk) n (cárstvo)
• Urdu: بادْشاہَت f (bādśāhat), سَلْطَنَت f (saltanat), مَمْلُکَت f (mamlukat), مَمْلَکَت f (mamlakat)
• Uyghur: پادىشاھلىق (padishahliq), خانلىق (xanliq), سەلتەنەت (seltenet)
• Uzbek: qirollik (uz), podsholik (uz), podshohlik (uz)
• Vietnamese: vương quốc (vi) (王國)
• Vilamovian: kyngrajch
• Welsh: teyrnas (cy) f
• West Frisian: keninkryk
• Yiddish: קעניגרײַך (kenigraykh)
• Zhuang: vangzgoz, vuengzguek

realm, region, or conceptual space where something is dominant

• Finnish: valtakunta (fi)

taxonomic division, below Domain and above Phylum

• Afrikaans: koninkryk (af)
• Arabic: مَمْلَكَة (ar) f (mamlaka)
• Armenian: թագավորություն (hy) (tʻagavorutʻyun)
• Asturian: reinu (ast) m
• Basque: erreinu
• Bavarian: kinereich
• Belarusian: ца́рства n (cárstva), свет m (svjet)
• Bulgarian: ца́рство (bg) n (cárstvo)
• Burmese: လောက (my) (lau:ka.)
• Catalan: regne (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 界 (yue) (gaai³)

  Hokkien: 界 (kài)

  Mandarin: 界 (zh) (jiè)

• Czech: říše (cs) f
• Danish: rige n
• Dutch: rijk (nl) n, plantenrijk (nl) n, dierenrijk (nl) n
• Estonian: riik (et)
• Finnish: kunta (fi)
• French: règne (fr) m
• Georgian: სამეფო (samepo)
• German: Reich (de) n
• Greek: βασίλειο (el) n (vasíleio)
• Hebrew: ממלכה (he) f (mamlakha)
• Hungarian: -világ (hu)
• Indonesian: kerajaan (id)
• Italian: regno (it) m
• Japanese: 界 (ja) (かい, kai)
• Kazakh: дүние (kk) (dünie)
• Khmer: រជ្ជៈ (km) (raccĕəʼ)
• Korean: 계(界) (ko) (gye)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: cîhan (ku) f

• Latin: rēgnum (la) n
• Latvian: valsts (lv) f
• Lithuanian: karalystė (lt) f
• Macedonian: ца́рство n (cárstvo)
• Malay: alam (ms)
• Maori: mātāmuatanga
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: аймаг (mn) (ajmag)

• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: فَرْمانْرُو (farmânrow)

• Polish: królestwo (pl) n
• Portuguese: reino (pt) m
• Romanian: regn (ro) n
• Russian: ца́рство (ru) n (cárstvo), мир (ru) m (mir)
• Scottish Gaelic: rìoghachd f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ца̑рство n

  Roman: cȃrstvo (sh) n

• Slovak: ríša f
• Slovene: kraljestvo (sl) n
• Swedish: rike (sv) n
• Tagalog: anyuhay
• Telugu: రాజ్యము (te) (rājyamu)
• Thai: อาณาจักร (th) (aa-naa-jàk)
• Turkish: alem (tr)
• Ukrainian: ца́рство (uk) n (cárstvo), світ (uk) m (svit)
• Vietnamese: giới (vi) (界 (vi))
• Yakut: са́арыстыба (sáarıstıba)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} regno (eo), ^{(please verify)} reĝlando
• Galician: ^{(please verify)} reino (gl) m
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} regno
• Volapük: ^{(please verify)} regän (vo)

See also

• monarchy

Middle English

Alternative forms

• kyngdom, kyngdoom, kengdam, kyngdam, kyngedome, küngdom, kyngdome, kyngdan

Etymology

From Old English cyningdōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to king +‎ -dom.

Etymology tree

Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz

Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm

Old English cyningdōm

Middle English kingdom

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkiŋɡdoːm/, /ˈkiŋɡdɔm/

Noun

kingdom (plural kingdoms)

1. dominion, lordship, rulership
2. (Christianity) The dominion and authority of God
3. kingdom, monarchy
4. state, realm
5. tribe, clan
6. region, domain, zone
7. (astrology) The region where a planet's influence predominates

Related terms

• king

Descendants

• English: kingdom
• Scots: kingdom

References

• “MED24300, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-31.