कूर्म

See also: कर्म and क्रम

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কূৰ্ম (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬹᬃᬫ (Balinese script)
• কূর্ম (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• ကူရ်္မ (Burmese script)
• કૂર્મ (Gujarati script)
• ਕੂਰ੍ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌮 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦹꦂꦩ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂧 (Kaithi script)
• ಕೂರ್ಮ (Kannada script)
• កូម៌ (Khmer script)
• ກູຣ຺ມ (Lao script)
• കൂര്മ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᡠᡠᡵᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘦 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠤᠤᠷᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧕𑧈𑧠𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐩 (Newa script)
• କୂର୍ମ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢹꢬ꣄ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆩 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖦 (Siddham script)
• කූර්‍ම (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩴 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚢 (Takri script)
• கூர்ம (Tamil script)
• కూర్మ (Telugu script)
• กูรฺม (Thai script)
• ཀཱུ་རྨ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Given the unusual word structure and the semantic domain, probably a substrate loanword. Might be from the same family of words relating to "curved objects" with a ku- prefix as कुम्भ "water pot, pot"; कुण्ड or कुण्डी"water pot, pot"; कुम्बीर "crocodile"; कश्यप "tortoise, turtle"; कुष्माण्ड "pumpkin"; कूप "well"; कुब्ज "humpbacked"; and कलश "pitcher".

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kuːɾ.mɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈkuːɾ.mɐ/

Noun

कूर्म • (kūrma) stem, m

1. a tortoise, turtle
2. the earth considered as a tortoise swimming on the waters
3. a particular figure or intertwining of the fingers (mudra)
4. one of the outer winds of the body (causing the closing of the eyes)
5. (Hinduism) Vishnu's second incarnation (descent in the form of a tortoise to support the mountain मन्दर (mandara) at the churning of the ocean)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of कूर्म (kūrma)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कूर्मः kūrmaḥ	कूर्मौ / कूर्मा¹ kūrmau / kūrmā¹	कूर्माः / कूर्मासः¹ kūrmāḥ / kūrmāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कूर्म kūrma	कूर्मौ / कूर्मा¹ kūrmau / kūrmā¹	कूर्माः / कूर्मासः¹ kūrmāḥ / kūrmāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कूर्मम् kūrmam	कूर्मौ / कूर्मा¹ kūrmau / kūrmā¹	कूर्मान् kūrmān
Instrumental	कूर्मेण kūrmeṇa	कूर्माभ्याम् kūrmābhyām	कूर्मैः / कूर्मेभिः¹ kūrmaiḥ / kūrmebhiḥ¹
Dative	कूर्माय kūrmāya	कूर्माभ्याम् kūrmābhyām	कूर्मेभ्यः kūrmebhyaḥ
Ablative	कूर्मात् kūrmāt	कूर्माभ्याम् kūrmābhyām	कूर्मेभ्यः kūrmebhyaḥ
Genitive	कूर्मस्य kūrmasya	कूर्मयोः kūrmayoḥ	कूर्माणाम् kūrmāṇām
Locative	कूर्मे kūrme	कूर्मयोः kūrmayoḥ	कूर्मेषु kūrmeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: kumma
• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kumma)
• ⇒ Punjabi: ਕੱਛੂਕੁੰਮਾ (kacchūkummā, “tortoise”)
• →Tatsama:

  • Tamil: கூர்மம் (kūrmam)
  • Telugu: కూర్మము (kūrmamu)