नगर
Hindi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nágara). Doublet of -नेर (-ner).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editनगर • (nagar) m (Urdu spelling نگر)
- city, town
- Synonym: शहर (śahar)
- तुम किस नगर से आए हो?
- tum kis nagar se āe ho?
- What city do you come from?
Declension
editMarathi
editEtymology
editNoun
editनगर • (nagar) n
References
edit- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “नगर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Nepali
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Sanskrit नगर (nagara).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editनगर • (nagar)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): [nʌ‿ɡʌɾʌ]
- Phonetic Devanagari: न्a g्aर्a
Verb
editनगर • (nagara)
- inflection of गर्नु (garnu):
- stem
- second-person mid respect singular negative imperative
Newar
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editOld Gujarati
editEtymology
editNoun
editनगर • (nagara) n
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
edit- নগৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬦᬕᬭ (Balinese script)
- নগর (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰐𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑀕𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- နဂရ (Burmese script)
- નગર (Gujarati script)
- ਨਗਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑌗𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦒꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂏𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ನಗರ (Kannada script)
- នគរ (Khmer script)
- ນຄຣ (Lao script)
- നഗര (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᠠᡤᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘐𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠠᠺᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑦰𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑐐𑐬 (Newa script)
- ନଗର (Odia script)
- ꢥꢔꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑆓𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖐𑖨 (Siddham script)
- නගර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯𑩞𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚌𑚤 (Takri script)
- நக³ர (Tamil script)
- నగర (Telugu script)
- นคร (Thai script)
- ན་ག་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑒑𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑨍𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editTedesco derives the word from a dissimilating Prakritization of an unattested compound *नृगर (*nṛgará, “gathering of men”), from नृ (nṛ) + *गर (gara), the latter related to ग्राम (grāma, “village”) and Ancient Greek ᾰ̓γορᾱ́ (agorā́, “assembly”). It is likely the ultimate source of similar words in Dravidian; compare Old Tamil 𑀦𑀓𑀭𑁆 (nakar, “house, palace, temple, city”), Telugu నగరు (nagaru, “palace”) (although Mayrhofer doubts Tedesco's derivation and considers the word to be borrowed from Dravidian to Indo-Aryan). Southworth derives the word from Proto-South Dravidian *nakar.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editनगर • (nágara or nagará) stem, n
- town, city
- c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 2.43.4:
- अथ स्म नगरे रामः चरन् भैक्षम् गृहे वसेत् ।
काम कारः वरम् दातुम् अपि दासम् मम आत्मजम् ॥- atha sma nagare rāmaḥ caran bhaikṣam gṛhe vaset.
kāma kāraḥ varam dātum api dāsam mama ātmajam.
- 2002 translation by K. M. K. Murthy
- Even giving my son to her as a slave would have been better. By that Rama would have at least stayed in the house by doing the work entrusted by her and roaming about in the city, asking alms.
- atha sma nagare rāmaḥ caran bhaikṣam gṛhe vaset.
- अथ स्म नगरे रामः चरन् भैक्षम् गृहे वसेत् ।
Declension
editNeuter a-stem declension of नगर (nágara) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | नगरम् nágaram |
नगरे nágare |
नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹ |
Vocative | नगर nágara |
नगरे nágare |
नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹ |
Accusative | नगरम् nágaram |
नगरे nágare |
नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹ |
Instrumental | नगरेण nágareṇa |
नगराभ्याम् nágarābhyām |
नगरैः / नगरेभिः¹ nágaraiḥ / nágarebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | नगराय nágarāya |
नगराभ्याम् nágarābhyām |
नगरेभ्यः nágarebhyaḥ |
Ablative | नगरात् nágarāt |
नगराभ्याम् nágarābhyām |
नगरेभ्यः nágarebhyaḥ |
Genitive | नगरस्य nágarasya |
नगरयोः nágarayoḥ |
नगराणाम् nágarāṇām |
Locative | नगरे nágare |
नगरयोः nágarayoḥ |
नगरेषु nágareṣu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of नगर (nagará) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | नगरम् nagarám |
नगरे nagaré |
नगराणि / नगरा¹ nagarā́ṇi / nagarā́¹ |
Vocative | नगर nágara |
नगरे nágare |
नगराणि / नगरा¹ nágarāṇi / nágarā¹ |
Accusative | नगरम् nagarám |
नगरे nagaré |
नगराणि / नगरा¹ nagarā́ṇi / nagarā́¹ |
Instrumental | नगरेण nagaréṇa |
नगराभ्याम् nagarā́bhyām |
नगरैः / नगरेभिः¹ nagaraíḥ / nagarébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | नगराय nagarā́ya |
नगराभ्याम् nagarā́bhyām |
नगरेभ्यः nagarébhyaḥ |
Ablative | नगरात् nagarā́t |
नगराभ्याम् nagarā́bhyām |
नगरेभ्यः nagarébhyaḥ |
Genitive | नगरस्य nagarásya |
नगरयोः nagaráyoḥ |
नगराणाम् nagarā́ṇām |
Locative | नगरे nagaré |
नगरयोः nagaráyoḥ |
नगरेषु nagaréṣu |
Notes |
|
Adjective
editनगर • (nágara) stem
Declension
editMasculine a-stem declension of नगर | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | नगरः (nagaraḥ) | ||
Gen. sg. | नगरस्य (nagarasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | नगरः (nagaraḥ) | नगरौ (nagarau) | नगराः (nagarāḥ) |
Vocative | नगर (nagara) | नगरौ (nagarau) | नगराः (nagarāḥ) |
Accusative | नगरम् (nagaram) | नगरौ (nagarau) | नगरान् (nagarān) |
Instrumental | नगरेन (nagarena) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगरैः (nagaraiḥ) |
Dative | नगराय (nagarāya) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगरेभ्यः (nagarebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | नगरात् (nagarāt) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगरेभ्यः (nagarebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | नगरस्य (nagarasya) | नगरयोः (nagarayoḥ) | नगरानाम् (nagarānām) |
Locative | नगरे (nagare) | नगरयोः (nagarayoḥ) | नगरेषु (nagareṣu) |
Feminine ā-stem declension of नगर | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | नगरा (nagarā) | ||
Gen. sg. | नगरायाः (nagarāyāḥ) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | नगरा (nagarā) | नगरे (nagare) | नगराः (nagarāḥ) |
Vocative | नगरे (nagare) | नगरे (nagare) | नगराः (nagarāḥ) |
Accusative | नगराम् (nagarām) | नगरे (nagare) | नगराः (nagarāḥ) |
Instrumental | नगरया (nagarayā) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगराभिः (nagarābhiḥ) |
Dative | नगरायै (nagarāyai) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगराभ्यः (nagarābhyaḥ) |
Ablative | नगरायाः (nagarāyāḥ) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगराभ्यः (nagarābhyaḥ) |
Genitive | नगरायाः (nagarāyāḥ) | नगरयोः (nagarayoḥ) | नगरानाम् (nagarānām) |
Locative | नगरायाम् (nagarāyām) | नगरयोः (nagarayoḥ) | नगरासु (nagarāsu) |
Neuter a-stem declension of नगर | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nom. sg. | नगरम् (nagaram) | ||
Gen. sg. | नगरस्य (nagarasya) | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | नगरम् (nagaram) | नगरे (nagare) | नगरानि (nagarāni) |
Vocative | नगर (nagara) | नगरे (nagare) | नगरानि (nagarāni) |
Accusative | नगरम् (nagaram) | नगरे (nagare) | नगरानि (nagarāni) |
Instrumental | नगरेन (nagarena) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगरैः (nagaraiḥ) |
Dative | नगराय (nagarāya) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगरेभ्यः (nagarebhyaḥ) |
Ablative | नगरात् (nagarāt) | नगराभ्याम् (nagarābhyām) | नगरेभ्यः (nagarebhyaḥ) |
Genitive | नगरस्य (nagarasya) | नगरयोः (nagarayoḥ) | नगरानाम् (nagarānām) |
Locative | नगरे (nagare) | नगरयोः (nagarayoḥ) | नगरेषु (nagareṣu) |
Descendants
edit- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀡𑀬𑀭 (ṇayara)
- → Assamese: নগৰ (nôgôr)
- → Bengali: নগর (nogor)
- → Burmese: နဂိုရ် (na.guir); နဂရ (na.ga.ra.)
- → Chakma: 𑄚𑄧𑄉𑄧𑄢𑄴 (nagar)
- → Dhivehi: ނަގަރު (nagaru)
- → Gujarati: નગર (nagar)
- → Hindi: नगर (nagar)
- → Khmer: នគរ (nɔkɔɔ)
- → Kannada: ನಗರ (nagara)
- → Lao: ນະຄອນ (na khǭn)
- → Lü: ᦓᦅᦸᧃ (nkoan), ᦓᦅᦟ (nkl)
- → Malayalam: നഗരം (nagaraṁ)
- → Malay: negara (نݢارا)
- → Marathi: नगर (nagar)
- → Middle Khmer: [Term?] (“ʼaṅgara”)
- Khmer: អង្គរ (ʼɑngkɔɔ)
- → Nepali: नगर (nagar)
- → Newar: नगर (nagara)
- → Odia: ନଗର (nagara)
- → Old Gujarati: नगर (nagara)
- → Old Javanese: nagara
- → Old Tamil: 𑀦𑀓𑀭𑁆 (nakar)
- Tamil: நகர் (nakar)
- Pali: nagara
- → Punjabi: ਨਗਰ (nagar)
- → Sinhalese: නගරය (nagaraya)
- → Tamil: நகரம் (nakaram)
- → Telugu: నగరము (nagaramu)
- → Thai: นคร (ná-kɔɔn)
- → Urdu: نگر (nagar)
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “नगर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 525.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “nágara-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 5
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