पत्नी

	singular	plural
direct	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियाँ patniyā̃
oblique	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियों patniyõ
vocative	पत्नी patnī	पत्नियो patniyo

Synonyms

बीवी (bīvī)

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit पत्नी (patnī).

Noun

पत्नी • (patnī) f

wife

Synonyms

(wife): बायको (bāyko)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

পত্নী (Assamese script)
ᬧᬢ᭄ᬦᬷ (Balinese script)
পত্নী (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰝𑰿𑰡𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀦𑀻 (Brahmi script)
ပတ္နီ (Burmese script)
પત્ની (Gujarati script)
ਪਤ੍ਨੀ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌤𑍍𑌨𑍀 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦠ꧀ꦤꦷ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂞𑂹𑂢𑂲 (Kaithi script)
ಪತ್ನೀ (Kannada script)
បត្នី (Khmer script)
ປຕ຺ນີ (Lao script)
പത്നീ (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠᢠᠨᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘝𑘿𑘡𑘲 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᢐᠨᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑦽𑧠𑧁𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐟𑑂𑐣𑐷 (Newa script)
ପତ୍ନୀ (Odia script)
ꢦꢡ꣄ꢥꢷ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆠𑇀𑆤𑆵 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖝𑖿𑖡𑖱 (Siddham script)
පත‍්නී (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩫 𑪙𑩯𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚙𑚶𑚝𑚯 (Takri script)
பத்நீ (Tamil script)
పత్నీ (Telugu script)
ปตฺนี (Thai script)
པ་ཏྣཱི (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒞𑓂𑒢𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨙𑩇𑨝𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pátniH (“wife, mistress”), from Proto-Indo-European *pótnih₂ (“wife”), feminine of *pótis (“husband, lord, master”). Cognate with Avestan *𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (*paθnī, attested in compounds), Ancient Greek πότνια (pótnia, “lady, mistress”), a title that was given to several goddesses.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́t.niː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈpɐt̪.n̪iː/

Noun

पत्नी • (pátnī) stem, f (masculine पति)

wife
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.46.7:
  दे॒वानां॒ पत्नी॑र् उश॒तीर् अ॑वन्तु नः॒ प्राव॑न्तु नस् तु॒जये॒ वाज॑-सातये ।
  याः पार्थि॑वासो॒ या अ॒पाम् अपि॑ व्र॒ते ता नो॑ देवीः सुहवाः॒ शर्म॑ यच्छत ॥
  devā́nāṃ pátnīr uśatī́r avantu naḥ prā́vantu nas tujáye vā́ja-sātaye.
  yā́ḥ pā́rthivāso yā́ apā́m ápi vraté tā́ no devīḥ suhavāḥ śárma yacchata.
  May the Gods’ Wives aid us of their own freewill, aid us to offspring and the winning of the spoil.
  Grant us protection, O ye gracious Goddesses, ye who are on the earth or in the waters' realm.
female possessor, mistress, Lady
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.61.4:
  अव॒ स्यूमे॑व चिन्व॒ती म॒घोन्यु॒षा या॑ति॒ स्वस॑रस्य॒ पत्नी॑ ।
  स्व१॒॑र्जन॑न्ती सु॒भगा॑ सु॒दंसा॒ आन्ता॑द्दि॒वः प॑प्रथ॒ आ पृ॑थि॒व्याः ॥
  áva syū́meva cinvatī́ maghónyuṣā́ yāti svásarasya pátnī.
  svàrjánantī subhágā sudáṃsā ā́ntāddiváḥ papratha ā́ pṛthivyā́ḥ.
  Letting her reins drop downward, Morning cometh, the wealthy Dame, the Lady of the dwelling;
  Bringing forth light, the Wonderful, the Blessed hath spread her from the bounds of earth and heaven.

Declension

Feminine ī-stem declension of पत्नी (pátnī)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पत्नी pátnī	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्न्यः / पत्नीः¹ pátnyaḥ / pátnīḥ¹
Vocative	पत्नि pátni	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्न्यः / पत्नीः¹ pátnyaḥ / pátnīḥ¹
Accusative	पत्नीम् pátnīm	पत्न्यौ / पत्नी¹ pátnyau / pátnī¹	पत्नीः pátnīḥ
Instrumental	पत्न्या pátnyā	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभिः pátnībhiḥ
Dative	पत्न्यै pátnyai	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभ्यः pátnībhyaḥ
Ablative	पत्न्याः / पत्न्यै² pátnyāḥ / pátnyai²	पत्नीभ्याम् pátnībhyām	पत्नीभ्यः pátnībhyaḥ
Genitive	पत्न्याः / पत्न्यै² pátnyāḥ / pátnyai²	पत्न्योः pátnyoḥ	पत्नीनाम् pátnīnām
Locative	पत्न्याम् pátnyām	पत्न्योः pátnyoḥ	पत्नीषु pátnīṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (pattī)
→ Assamese: পত্নী (potni) (learned)
→ Bengali: পত্নী (potni) (learned)
→ Gujarati: પત્ની (patnī) (learned)
→ Hindustani: patnī (learned)
Hindi: पत्नी

Urdu: پتنی
→ Kannada: ಪತ್ನಿ (patni) (learned)
→ Malayalam: പത്നി (patni) (learned)
→ Marathi: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)
→ Nepali: पत्नी (patnī) (learned)
→ Odia: ପତ୍ନୀ (patni) (learned)
→ Punjabi: ਪਤਣੀ (patṇī) (learned)
→ Tamil: பத்தினி (pattiṉi) (learned)
→ Telugu: పత్ని (patni) (learned)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “पत्नी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 582/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 74-75