सपत्नी
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapátnī). Doublet of सौत (saut).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
सपत्नी • (sapatnī) f (Urdu spelling سپتنی)
- (literary) a co-wife, rival wife
- 1984, डॉ॰ प्यारेलाल शुक्ल, भक्तिकालीन काव्य में चित्रित नारी-जीवन[1], Allahabad: Sāhityavāṇī, →OCLC, page 335:
- कैकेयी की सपत्नी-ईर्ष्या में उसका पुत्र-प्रेम कारण बन गया। पुत्र का हित बाधित होता देख कर उसकी सपत्नी-ईर्ष्या जाग उठती है।
- kaikeyī kī sapatnī-īrṣyā mẽ uskā putra-prem kāraṇ ban gayā. putra kā hit bādhit hotā dekh kar uskī sapatnī-īrṣyā jāg uṭhtī hai.
- Kaikeyi's jealousy for her co-wife was caused by her love for her son. Seeing her son's well-being obstructed would awaken her jealousy for her co-wife.
Declension edit
Declension of सपत्नी (fem ī-stem)
References edit
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “सपत्नी”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 4947
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- সপত্নী (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬧᬢ᭄ᬦᬷ (Balinese script)
- সপত্নী (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰢𑰝𑰿𑰡𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀦𑀻 (Brahmi script)
- သပတ္နီ (Burmese script)
- સપત્ની (Gujarati script)
- ਸਪਤ੍ਨੀ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌪𑌤𑍍𑌨𑍀 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦥꦠ꧀ꦤꦷ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂣𑂞𑂹𑂢𑂲 (Kaithi script)
- ಸಪತ್ನೀ (Kannada script)
- សបត្នី (Khmer script)
- ສປຕ຺ນີ (Lao script)
- സപത്നീ (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᢒᠠᢠᠨᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘢𑘝𑘿𑘡𑘲 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᢒᠠᢐᠨᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧂𑦽𑧠𑧁𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐥𑐟𑑂𑐣𑐷 (Newa script)
- ସପତ୍ନୀ (Odia script)
- ꢱꢦꢡ꣄ꢥꢷ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆥𑆠𑇀𑆤𑆵 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖢𑖝𑖿𑖡𑖱 (Siddham script)
- සපත්නී (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩰𑩫 𑪙𑩯𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚞𑚙𑚶𑚝𑚯 (Takri script)
- ஸபத்நீ (Tamil script)
- సపత్నీ (Telugu script)
- สปตฺนี (Thai script)
- ས་པ་ཏྣཱི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒣𑒞𑓂𑒢𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨞𑨙𑩇𑨝𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH, from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-pót-nih₂, from *sm̥- (“together, co-”) + *pótnih₂ (“wife”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī, “co-wife”), Pashto بن (bën). By surface analysis, स- (sa-, copulative prefix) + पत्नी (pátnī, “wife”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
सपत्नी • (sapátnī) stem, f
- a co-wife, rival wife; another wife of one’s polygamous husband
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.145.1:
- इमां खनाम्योषधिं वीरुधं बलवत्तमाम्।
यया सपत्नीं बाधते यया संविन्दते पतिम्॥- imāṃ khanāmyoṣadhiṃ vīrudhaṃ balavattamām.
yayā sapatnīṃ bādhate yayā saṃvindate patim. - From out the earth I dig this plant, a herb of most effectual power,
Wherewith one quells the co-wife and gains the husband for herself.
- imāṃ khanāmyoṣadhiṃ vīrudhaṃ balavattamām.
- इमां खनाम्योषधिं वीरुधं बलवत्तमाम्।
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 2.7.8:
- विद्धः सपत्न्य्उदितपत्त्रिभिरन्ति राज्ञो बालोऽपि सन्नुपगतस्तपसे वनानि । तस्मा अदाद् ध्रुवगतिं गृणते प्रसन्नो दिव्याः स्तुवन्ति मुनयो यदुपर्यधस्तात् ॥
- viddhaḥ sapatnyuditapattribhiranti rājño bāloʼpi sannupagatastapase vanāni . tasmā adād dhruvagatiṃ gṛṇate prasanno divyāḥ stuvanti munayo yaduparyadhastāt .
- Insulted by the sharp words [lit. arrows] spoken by the co-wife before the king, the boy [Dhruva] took to do tapas in forests. A pleased [Vishnu] gave to the extolling Dhruva, a firm position [as Polaris star], which is lauded even by divine munis.
- विद्धः सपत्न्य्उदितपत्त्रिभिरन्ति राज्ञो बालोऽपि सन्नुपगतस्तपसे वनानि । तस्मा अदाद् ध्रुवगतिं गृणते प्रसन्नो दिव्याः स्तुवन्ति मुनयो यदुपर्यधस्तात् ॥
Declension edit
| Feminine ī-stem declension of सपत्नी (sapátnī) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | सपत्नी sapátnī |
सपत्न्यौ / सपत्नी¹ sapátnyau / sapátnī¹ |
सपत्न्यः / सपत्नीः¹ sapátnyaḥ / sapátnīḥ¹ |
| Vocative | सपत्नि sápatni |
सपत्न्यौ / सपत्नी¹ sápatnyau / sápatnī¹ |
सपत्न्यः / सपत्नीः¹ sápatnyaḥ / sápatnīḥ¹ |
| Accusative | सपत्नीम् sapátnīm |
सपत्न्यौ / सपत्नी¹ sapátnyau / sapátnī¹ |
सपत्नीः sapátnīḥ |
| Instrumental | सपत्न्या sapátnyā |
सपत्नीभ्याम् sapátnībhyām |
सपत्नीभिः sapátnībhiḥ |
| Dative | सपत्न्यै sapátnyai |
सपत्नीभ्याम् sapátnībhyām |
सपत्नीभ्यः sapátnībhyaḥ |
| Ablative | सपत्न्याः / सपत्न्यै² sapátnyāḥ / sapátnyai² |
सपत्नीभ्याम् sapátnībhyām |
सपत्नीभ्यः sapátnībhyaḥ |
| Genitive | सपत्न्याः / सपत्न्यै² sapátnyāḥ / sapátnyai² |
सपत्न्योः sapátnyoḥ |
सपत्नीनाम् sapátnīnām |
| Locative | सपत्न्याम् sapátnyām |
सपत्न्योः sapátnyoḥ |
सपत्नीषु sapátnīṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants edit
- Pali: sapattī
- Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (savattī), 𑀲𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀻 (saüttī)
- ⇒ Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺𑀡𑀻 (savattiṇī)
- Hindi: सौतन (sautan)
- → Hindi: सपत्नी (sapatnī) (learned)
References edit
- ^ Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 585: “PIIr. *sa-pátniH-”
Further reading edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “सपत्नी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1149.
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “sapatnī”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “सपत्नी”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1625
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “सपत्नी”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 334
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sapátnī”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 760