بن
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Base form of اِبْن (ibn). From Proto-Semitic *bin-. Compare Hebrew בֵּן.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
بْن • (bn) m
- Alternative form of اِبْن (ibn)
Usage notes edit
Used after another noun (which necessarily ends in a vowel if case endings are preserved).
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | — | — | بْن bn |
Nominative | — | — | بْنُ bnu |
Accusative | — | — | بْنَ bna |
Genitive | — | — | بْنِ bni |
Etymology 2 edit
Borrowed from Classical Syriac ܒܽܘܢܳܐ (būnā), which, attested as “barley soaked in water”, underwent a meaning development in 14th-century Yemen due to brewages of sundry appetizing beverages, less likely in view of the pungent fish-sauce بُنّ (bunn), but from the picture of barley grains to the coffee bean in particular. Compare meaning transferrals in the spice-names قِزْح (qizḥ) and بِسْبَاس (bisbās), and خَنْدَرِيس (ḵandarīs, “spelt; gruel”) to “wine”, as قَهْوَة (qahwa, “coffee”) originally meant “wine”. This specific meaning strain—it was only generalized in Ethiopia to mean the berry, powder and decoct of coffee too—is confirmed by Ancient Greek βύνη (búnē, “malt”), a borrowing found in Late Antiquity’s Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis and Aëtius of Amida. The further origin can be a technical term restricted from the well-known Middle Iranian word for “base, grounds” found as Classical Persian بن (bun) and Old Armenian բուն (bun), also borrowed directly from Iranian in Omani Arabic بون (būn), compare the Iranianism reflected in Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy, “lees, amurca”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
بُنّ • (bunn) m (plural أَبْنَان (ʔabnān)) (usually uncountable)
- coffee beans, coffee
- coffee tree
- (obsolete) a fine strong fragrance
Declension edit
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُنّ bunn |
الْبُنّ al-bunn |
بُنّ bunn |
Nominative | بُنٌّ bunnun |
الْبُنُّ al-bunnu |
بُنُّ bunnu |
Accusative | بُنًّا bunnan |
الْبُنَّ al-bunna |
بُنَّ bunna |
Genitive | بُنٍّ bunnin |
الْبُنِّ al-bunni |
بُنِّ bunni |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُنَّيْن bunnayn |
الْبُنَّيْن al-bunnayn |
بُنَّيْ bunnay |
Nominative | بُنَّانِ bunnāni |
الْبُنَّانِ al-bunnāni |
بُنَّا bunnā |
Accusative | بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni |
الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni |
بُنَّيْ bunnay |
Genitive | بُنَّيْنِ bunnayni |
الْبُنَّيْنِ al-bunnayni |
بُنَّيْ bunnay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَبْنَان ʔabnān |
الْأَبْنَان al-ʔabnān |
أَبْنَان ʔabnān |
Nominative | أَبْنَانٌ ʔabnānun |
الْأَبْنَانُ al-ʔabnānu |
أَبْنَانُ ʔabnānu |
Accusative | أَبْنَانًا ʔabnānan |
الْأَبْنَانَ al-ʔabnāna |
أَبْنَانَ ʔabnāna |
Genitive | أَبْنَانٍ ʔabnānin |
الْأَبْنَانِ al-ʔabnāni |
أَبْنَانِ ʔabnāni |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Afar: bún, búun; búna, buná
- → Amharic: ቡን (bunn)
- → Coptic: ⲡⲟⲛ (pon)
- → Gujarati: બૂંદ (bū̃d)
- → Harari: ቡን (bunn)
- → Tigre: ቡን (bun)
- → Tigrinya: ቡን (bun)
- → Ottoman Turkish: بن (bünn)
- → Swahili: buni
See also edit
- قَهْوَة (qahwa)
Etymology 3 edit
Back-formation from بُنِّيّ (bunniyy, “Labeobarbus bynni”), a well-eaten fish of the highest frequency in the Nile.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
بُنّ • (bunn) m
- (obsolete) brine, pickling-solution, a fish-dish from the salt water in which for example Labeobarbus bynni has been preserved.
Declension edit
See also edit
- مُرِّيّ (murriyy)
- مَرَقَة (maraqa)
- رُبَيْثَاء (rubayṯāʔ)
- صِير (ṣīr)
- أُجَاج (ʔujāj)
Etymology 4 edit
Apparently denominal from بَنَّة (banna, “odour in particular from lodging-places due to cattle”).
Verb edit
بَنَّ • (banna) I, non-past يَبِنُّ (yabinnu) (obsolete)
Conjugation edit
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
? | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
bānn | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mabnūn | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | banantu |
bananta |
بَنَّ banna |
banantumā |
bannā |
banannā |
banantum |
bannū | |||
f | bananti |
bannat |
bannatā |
banantunna |
bananna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔabinnu |
tabinnu |
yabinnu |
tabinnāni |
yabinnāni |
nabinnu |
tabinnūna |
yabinnūna | |||
f | tabinnīna |
tabinnu |
tabinnāni |
tabninna |
yabninna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔabinna |
tabinna |
yabinna |
tabinnā |
yabinnā |
nabinna |
tabinnū |
yabinnū | |||
f | tabinnī |
tabinna |
tabinnā |
tabninna |
yabninna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔabinna or ʔabinni or ʔabnin |
tabinna or tabinni or tabnin |
yabinna or yabinni or yabnin |
tabinnā |
yabinnā |
nabinna or nabinni or nabnin |
tabinnū |
yabinnū | |||
f | tabinnī |
tabinna or tabinni or tabnin |
tabinnā |
tabninna |
yabninna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | binna or binni or ibnin |
binnā |
binnū |
||||||||
f | binnī |
ibninna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | bunintu |
buninta |
بُنَّ bunna |
bunintumā |
bunnā |
buninnā |
bunintum |
bunnū | |||
f | buninti |
bunnat |
bunnatā |
bunintunna |
buninna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔubannu |
tubannu |
yubannu |
tubannāni |
yubannāni |
nubannu |
tubannūna |
yubannūna | |||
f | tubannīna |
tubannu |
tubannāni |
tubnanna |
yubnanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔubanna |
tubanna |
yubanna |
tubannā |
yubannā |
nubanna |
tubannū |
yubannū | |||
f | tubannī |
tubanna |
tubannā |
tubnanna |
yubnanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔubanna or ʔubanni or ʔubnan |
tubanna or tubanni or tubnan |
yubanna or yubanni or yubnan |
tubannā |
yubannā |
nubanna or nubanni or nubnan |
tubannū |
yubannū | |||
f | tubannī |
tubanna or tubanni or tubnan |
tubannā |
tubnanna |
yubnanna |
Noun edit
Declension edit
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation 1 edit
Verb edit
- second-person masculine singular active imperative of بَانَ (bāna)
Pronunciation 2 edit
Verb edit
- second-person feminine plural active imperative of بَانَ (bāna)
- third-person feminine plural past active of بَانَ (bāna)
References edit
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “بن”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 116
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “بن”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 158b
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “بن”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 166
- Landberg, Carlo, editor (1909), Études sur les dialectes de l'Arabie méridionale. Deuxième volume. Daṯînah. Deuxième partie[4] (in French), Leiden: Brill, pages 1062–1064
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “بن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[5], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 258a–b
- Streck, Maximilian (1907) “Bemerkungen zu einigen arabischen Fischnamen”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft[6] (in German), volume 61, page 638
Brokskat edit
Noun edit
بن (ban)
Kalami edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
بن (ban) m
Ottoman Turkish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).
Pronoun edit
بن • (ben)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
- Turkish: ben
Etymology 2 edit
From Arabic اِبْن (ibn, “son”).
Noun edit
References edit
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بن”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[7], Constantinople: Mihran, page 277
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بنی”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[8], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 390
Pashto edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Iranian *hapáθniH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sapátniH (“co-wife”). Compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬚𐬥𐬍 (hapaθnī) and Sanskrit सपत्नी (sapatnī).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
بن • (bən) f
Declension edit
Persian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from Proto-Iranian *buHnáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰudʰnás, from *bʰudʰmḗn.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bun]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bon]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bun]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bun |
Dari reading? | bun |
Iranian reading? | bon |
Tajik reading? | bun |
Noun edit
بن • (bon)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From late Middle Persian [script needed] (bwn' /bun/), from earlier [script needed] (wn' /wan/, “tree; stock, stem”) also present as ون (van, “ash tree”) and Classical Syriac ܒܰܢ (ban, “terebinth”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bun]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bon]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bun]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bun |
Dari reading? | bun |
Iranian reading? | bon |
Tajik reading? | bun |
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [bin]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ben]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bin]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | bin |
Dari reading? | bin |
Iranian reading? | ben |
Tajik reading? | bin |
Noun edit
بن • (ben)
- bin (in Arabic names)
Etymology 4 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun edit
بن • (ben)
- Ben (the capital city of Ben County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
- Ben (a county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran).
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bon]
Readings | |
---|---|
Iranian reading? | bon |
Proper noun edit
بن • (bon)
- Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia; former capital city of Germany)
References edit
- Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28)[9], Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 129, from which apparently “bn2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, pages 248–249
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 200
- Vullers, Johann August (1855) “بن”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[10] (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 263
South Levantine Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
بنّ • (binn) m