Assamese

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian قلم (qalam), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos). Compare Bengali কলম (kolom), Hindi क़लम (qalam).

Noun

edit

কলম (kolom) (classifier -টো)

  1. pen
    (uncommon): Synonyms: কাপ (kap), লিখনি (likhoni)
Declension
edit
Declension of কলম
nominative কলম / কলমে
kolom / kolome
genitive কলমৰ
kolomor
nominative কলম / কলমে
kolom / kolome
accusative কলম / কলমক
kolom / kolomok
dative কলমলৈ
kolomoloi
terminative কলমলৈকে
kolomoloike
instrumental কলমে / কলমেৰে
kolome / kolomere
genitive কলমৰ
kolomor
locative কলমত
kolomot
Notes
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural.
Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc.
Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive.
Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise.
Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too.
Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common.
Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese.
Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.

Etymology 2

edit

Inherited from Sanskrit কলম্ব (kalamba), কডম্ব (kaḍamba, end, point, stalk of a pot herb).

Noun

edit

কলম (kolom) (classifier -টো)

  1. pruning
  2. branch of a tree cut for planting, graft
Declension
edit
Declension of কলম
nominative কলম / কলমে
kolom / kolome
genitive কলমৰ
kolomor
nominative কলম / কলমে
kolom / kolome
accusative কলম / কলমক
kolom / kolomok
dative কলমলৈ
kolomoloi
terminative কলমলৈকে
kolomoloike
instrumental কলমে / কলমেৰে
kolome / kolomere
genitive কলমৰ
kolomor
locative কলমত
kolomot
Notes
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural.
Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc.
Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive.
Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise.
Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too.
Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common.
Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese.
Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.

Etymology 3

edit

Borrowed from English column.

Noun

edit

কলম (kolom) (classifier -টো)

  1. column
Declension
edit
Declension of কলম
nominative কলম / কলমে
kolom / kolome
genitive কলমৰ
kolomor
nominative কলম / কলমে
kolom / kolome
accusative কলম / কলমক
kolom / kolomok
dative কলমলৈ
kolomoloi
terminative কলমলৈকে
kolomoloike
instrumental কলমে / কলমেৰে
kolome / kolomere
genitive কলমৰ
kolomor
locative কলমত
kolomot
Notes
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural.
Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc.
Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive.
Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise.
Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi).
Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too.
Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common.
Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese.
Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.

Bengali

edit

Etymology

edit

Borrowed from Classical Persian قلم (qalam), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos). Cognate with Assamese কলম (kolom), Odia କଲମ (kalama), Hindustani قلم / क़लम (qalam), Dhivehi ގަލަން (galan̊), Gujarati કલમ (kalam), Nepali कलम (kalam), Punjabi ਕਲਮ (kalam), Sindhi قَلَمُ (qalamu), Burmese ကလောင် (ka.laung).

Pronunciation

edit
  • (Rarh) IPA(key): /kɔlom/, [ˈkɔlom]
    Audio:(file)
  • (Dhaka) IPA(key): /kɔlom/, [ˈkɔlom]
    Audio:(file)

Noun

edit

কলম (kolom)

  1. pen

Declension

edit
Inflection of কলম
nominative কলম
kolom
objective কলম / কলমকে
kolom (semantically general or indefinite) / kolomke (semantically definite)
genitive কলমের
kolomer
locative কলমে
kolome
Indefinite forms
nominative কলম
kolom
objective কলম / কলমকে
kolom (semantically general or indefinite) / kolomke (semantically definite)
genitive কলমের
kolomer
locative কলমে
kolome
Definite forms
singular plural
nominative কলমটা , কলমটি
kolomṭa (colloquial), kolomṭi (formal)
কলমগুলা, কলমগুলো
kolomgula (colloquial), kolomgulo (formal)
objective কলমটা, কলমটি
kolomṭa (colloquial), kolomṭi (formal)
কলমগুলা, কলমগুলো
kolomgula (colloquial), kolomgulo (formal)
genitive কলমটার, কলমটির
kolomṭar (colloquial), kolomṭir (formal)
কলমগুলার, কলমগুলোর
kolomgular (colloquial), kolomgulor (formal)
locative কলমটাতে / কলমটায়, কলমটিতে
kolomṭate / kolomṭay (colloquial), kolomṭite (formal)
কলমগুলাতে / কলমগুলায়, কলমগুলোতে
kolomgulate / kolomgulay (colloquial), kolomgulote (formal)
Objective Note: In some dialects -রে (-re) marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).