ḫꜥj

See also: ḥꜥj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈχiʕjit/ → /ˈχiʕjiʔ/ → /ˈχeʕja/ → /ˈχeʕjə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχiʕjit/ (infinitive); IPA^(key): /χaʕˈja/ (subjunctive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχiʕjiʔ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχeʕja/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈχeʕjə/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɑːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: khai

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive, of celestial bodies) to rise
2. (intransitive) to appear (in glory)
3. (intransitive) to shine forth
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13:

     ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt

     One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫꜥ, geminated stem: ḫꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḫꜥt, ḫꜥj	ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ	ḫꜥt, ḫꜥwt, ḫꜥyt	ḫꜥ	ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḫꜥ8, ḫꜥꜥ8	ḥr ḫꜥt, ḥr ḫꜥj	m ḫꜥt, m ḫꜥj	r ḫꜥt, r ḫꜥj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḫꜥ.n	consecutive	ḫꜥ.jn
terminative	ḫꜥt, ḫꜥyt
perfective3	ḫꜥ	obligative1	ḫꜥ.ḫr
imperfective	ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
prospective3	ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy	potentialis1	ḫꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḫꜥ.n	—	—
perfective	ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ	ḫꜥ	ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ
imperfective	ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥy, ḫꜥꜥw5	ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥj6, ḫꜥꜥy6	ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥw5
prospective	ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥtj7	ḫꜥwtj1 4, ḫꜥtj4, ḫꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜥj  

ḫꜥj	ḫꜥj
	[Pyramid Texts, 18th Dynasty, Late and Greco-Roman Periods]

Derived terms

• pꜣ-sbꜣ-ḫꜥ-n-nwt
• nb-ḫꜥw
• ḫꜥ.f-rꜥ
• ḫꜥyt
• ḫꜥw
• ḫꜥ-bꜣ
• ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst
• sḫꜥj
• sḫm-pḥtj-ḏsr-ḫꜥw
• kꜣ-nḫt-ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ḫꜥ
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲁⲉ (xae)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁⲓ (šai)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉⲉⲓ (šeei)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲁⲓⲉ (šaie)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁ (ša)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN