ἅλς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἅλας (hálas) — Koine

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Cognates include Sanskrit सलिल (salila), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Latin sāl, and Old English sealt (English salt).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /háls/ → /als/ → /als/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /háls/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)als/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /als/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /als/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /als/

Noun

ᾰ̔́λς • (háls) m (genitive ᾰ̔λός); third declension

1. salt (masculine)
2. brine (masculine)
3. sea (feminine)
4. wit

Inflection

Irregular declension of ὁ ᾰ̔́λς; τοῦ ᾰ̔λός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̔́λς ho háls	οἱ ᾰ̔́λες hoi háles
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̔λός toû halós	τῶν ᾰ̔λῶν tôn halôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̔λῐ́ tôi halí	τοῖς ᾰ̔λσῐ́ / ᾰ̔́λᾰσῐν toîs halsí / hálasin
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̔́λᾰ tòn hála	τοὺς ᾰ̔́λᾰς toùs hálas
Vocative	ᾰ̔́λς háls	ᾰ̔́λες háles
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Irregular declension of ᾰ̔́λς; ᾰ̔λός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ᾰ̔́λς háls	ᾰ̔́λες háles
Genitive	ᾰ̔λός halós	ᾰ̔λῶν halôn
Dative	ᾰ̔λῐ́ halí	ᾰ̔́λεσσῐ hálessi
Accusative	ᾰ̔́λᾰ hála	ᾰ̔́λᾰς hálas
Vocative	ᾰ̔́λς háls	ᾰ̔́λες háles
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἅλαδε (hálade)
• ἅλας (hálas)
• ἁλιεύς (halieús)
• ἅλινος (hálinos)
• ἅλιος (hálios)
• ἐνάλιος (enálios)
• παράλιος (parálios)
• πάραλος (páralos)

 

Descendants

• English: haline, halogen
• Greek: αλάτι (aláti)
• Mariupol Greek: а́лас (álas)

Further reading

• “ἅλς (A)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἅλς (B)”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἅλς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἅλς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἅλς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἅλς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἅλς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἅλς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G251 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • brine idem, page 99.
  • deep idem, page 203.
  • salt idem, page 732.
  • sea idem, page 744.