sal

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sal"

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English sal, from Latin sal. Doublet of salt.

Noun

sal (uncountable)

1. (chemistry, obsolete) salt

Usage notes

Was used predominantly to form the names of various chemical compounds.

Derived terms

• sal absinthii
• sal acetosellae
• sal alembroth
• sal ammoniac
• sal catharticus
• sal culinarius
• sal cyrenaicus
• sal de duobus
• sal diureticus
• sal duplicatum
• sal enixum
• sal gemmae
• sal jovis
• sal martis
• sal microcosmicum
• sal plumbi
• sal Saturni
• sal sedativus
• sal seignette
• sal soda
• sal vitrioli
• sal volatile

 

Etymology 2

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

Alternative forms

• saul, shala

Noun

sal (plural sals)

1. Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree.
   • 1989, Thomas Weber, Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement, page 18:

     As the sals were cut in the lower foothill districts the loggers looked towards the mountains in their search for other hardwood timber.

Translations

Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree

• Bengali: শাল (śal)
• Bulgarian: сал (bg) m (sal)
• Hindi: साल (hi) (sāl)
• Maithili: साल (sāl)

• Malayalam: കൈമരുത് (kaimarutŭ)
• Nepali: साल (sāl)
• Portuguese: sal (pt) m
• Sanskrit: शाल (sa) m (śāla)

Anagrams

• ALS, ALs, ASL, LAs, LSA, SLA, a/s/l, al's, als, asl, las

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Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch zal, singular of zullen, from Middle Dutch sullen, from Old Dutch *sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Verb

sal (present sal, past sou)

1. shall, will

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Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin sal

Noun

sal f

1. salt

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002), “sal”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN

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Asturian

Etymology

From Latin sāl, salem.

Noun

sal m (plural sales)

1. salt

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Azerbaijani

sal [1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɑɫ]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *sāl.

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

1. raft (wooden)

Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Turkic *sal- (“throw, lower, put; heavy”); see Azerbaijani salmaq.

sal [2]

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

1. monolith (a large, single block of stone)

Declension

Declension of sal

	singular	plural
nominative	sal	sallar
definite accusative	salı	salları
dative	sala	sallara
locative	salda	sallarda
ablative	saldan	sallardan
definite genitive	salın	salların

Possessed forms of sal

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salım	sallarım
sənin (“your”)	salın	salların
onun (“his/her/its”)	salı	salları
bizim (“our”)	salımız	sallarımız
sizin (“your”)	salınız	sallarınız
onların (“their”)	salı or salları	salları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımı	sallarımı
sənin (“your”)	salını	sallarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	salını	sallarını
bizim (“our”)	salımızı	sallarımızı
sizin (“your”)	salınızı	sallarınızı
onların (“their”)	salını or sallarını	sallarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salıma	sallarıma
sənin (“your”)	salına	sallarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	salına	sallarına
bizim (“our”)	salımıza	sallarımıza
sizin (“your”)	salınıza	sallarınıza
onların (“their”)	salına or sallarına	sallarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımda	sallarımda
sənin (“your”)	salında	sallarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	salında	sallarında
bizim (“our”)	salımızda	sallarımızda
sizin (“your”)	salınızda	sallarınızda
onların (“their”)	salında or sallarında	sallarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımdan	sallarımdan
sənin (“your”)	salından	sallarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	salından	sallarından
bizim (“our”)	salımızdan	sallarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	salınızdan	sallarınızdan
onların (“their”)	salından or sallarından	sallarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	salımın	sallarımın
sənin (“your”)	salının	sallarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	salının	sallarının
bizim (“our”)	salımızın	sallarımızın
sizin (“your”)	salınızın	sallarınızın
onların (“their”)	salının or sallarının	sallarının

Predicative forms of sal

	singular	plural
mən (“I am”)	salam	sallaram
sən (“you are”)	salsın	sallarsın
o (“he/she is”)	saldır	sallardır

Adjective

sal

1. whole, unbroken, of one piece

Further reading

• “sal” in Obastan.com.

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Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan sal, from Latin sāl, salem, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l-.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈsal/

• Audio (Catalonia)

  (file)

Noun

sal f (plural sals)

1. salt

Related terms

• salar

Further reading

• “sal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “sal” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “sal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “sal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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Chairel

Noun

sal

1. sun

References

• W. McCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill tribes with a comparative vocabulary of the Munnipore and other languages (1859, Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company)

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Chavacano

Etymology

From Spanish sal (“salt”).

Noun

sal

1. salt

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Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, cognate with German Saal, Dutch zaal. The Germanic word was borrowed to French salon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsæˀl]

Noun

sal c (singular definite salen, plural indefinite sale)

1. hall, room
2. floor (storey of a building)

   Synonym: etage

Declension

Declension of sal

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	sal	salen	sale	salene
genitive	sals	salens	sales	salenes

Derived terms

• retssal

Further reading

• “sal” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “sal” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

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Esperanto

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sal/

Interjection

sal

1. (text messaging) Abbreviation of saluton (“hello”).

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Franco-Provençal

Etymology

From Latin sāl, salem.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

sal f

1. salt

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Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese sal, from Latin sāl, salem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [s̺al]

Noun

sal m (plural sales)

1. salt

Derived terms

• saleiro

Related terms

• As Saíñas

References

• “sal” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “sal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “sal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “sal” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “sal” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

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Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sal

1. sun, day, daytime
2. a 24 hour period
3. weather
4. classifier for days

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Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese sal. Cognate with Kabuverdianu sal.

Noun

sal

1. salt

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Icelandic

Noun

sal

1. indefinite accusative singular of salur
2. indefinite dative singular of salur

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Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal (first-person possessive salku, second-person possessive salmu, third-person possessive salnya)

1. a large room, hall
2. (healthcare, medicine) ward

Synonyms

• bangsal

Further reading

• “sal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

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Interlingua

Noun

sal (plural sales)

1. salt (substance consisting of positive and negative ions)

Related terms

• salin

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Irish

Noun

sal f (genitive singular saile) or
sal m (genitive singular sail)

1. Alternative form of sail (“dirt; stain”)

Declension

As masculine first-declension noun:

Declension of sal

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative sal Vocative a shail Genitive sail Dative sal

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an sal Genitive an tsail Dative leis an sal don sal

As feminine second-declension noun:

Declension of sal

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun) Case Singular Nominative sal Vocative a shal Genitive saile Dative sal

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an tsal Genitive na saile Dative leis an tsal don tsal

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sal	shal after an, tsal	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Istriot

Etymology

From Latin sāl, salem.

Noun

sal ?

1. salt

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Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese sal.

Noun

sal

1. salt

Proper noun

sal

1. (Sal) Sal
2. One of the ten islands of Cape Verde

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.

Cognates include Sanskrit सर (sará), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Tocharian A sāle, Old English sealt (English salt) and related to Etruscan 𐌀𐌋𐌑𐌀𐌔𐌄 (alśase).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /saːl/, [s̠äːɫ̪]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sal/, [säl]

Noun

sāl m or n (genitive salis); third declension

1. salt

   cum grānō salis ― with a grain of salt

2. (figuratively) wit
3. (poetic) brine, salt water, the sea

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sāl	salēs
Genitive	salis	salum
Dative	salī	salibus
Accusative	salem sāl	salēs
Ablative	sale	salibus
Vocative	sāl	salēs

Usage notes

• Sāl is occasionally found as a neuter noun in the singular. The gender is observable only from agreement in the nominative case, and from agreement and the use of sāl (neuter) vs. salem (masculine) in the accusative case. The neuter nominative and accusative singular form can alternatively be sale, e.g. in Ennius Ann. 385 and Varro d. Non. 223, 17. In the nominative and accusative plural, the word is found only in the masculine gender, with the form salēs.

Derived terms

• salō
• saliō
• sāl petrae (stone salt; that is, found as an incrustation)

Descendants

• Aromanian: sari, sare
• Asturian: sal
• Catalan: sal
• Franco-Provençal: sal
• French: sel
• Friulian: sâl
• Galician: sal
• Guinea-Bissau Creole: sal
• Istriot: sal
• Italian: sale
• Kabuverdianu: sal
• Lombard: saa
• Navajo: sáál
• Occitan: sal, sau
• Papiamentu: salu
• Piedmontese: sal
• Portuguese: sal
• Romagnol: sêl
• Romanian: sare
• Romansch: sal, sel
• Sardinian: sale
• Sicilian: sali
• Spanish: sal
• Venetian: sal, sałe
• Walloon: sé

References

• sal in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• sal in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sal in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

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Middle Dutch

Verb

sal

1. first/third-person singular present indicative of sullen

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Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sal f

1. year

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)

1. a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall.

Derived terms

• ballsal
• forelesningssal
• gymnastikksal, gymsal
• konsertsal
• rettssal

 

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull.

Alternative forms

• sadel

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)

1. saddle

Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal.

Noun

sal n

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1981; superseded by salg

References

• “sal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/ (example of pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)

1. a large room in which parties and meetings and similar are held; a hall

Derived terms

• ballsal
• forelesningssal
• gymnastikksal, gymsal
• konsertsal
• rettssal

 

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sǫðull, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz.

Noun

sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)

1. a saddle

Related terms

• sala, sale

Etymology 3

From Old Norse sal (“payment”).

Noun

sal n (definite singular salet, indefinite plural sal, definite plural sala)

1. a sale

Related terms

• selja, selje
• marknad

References

• “sal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• als-, las, sla

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *sail, from Proto-Germanic *sailą (“rope”).

Cognate with Old Saxon sēl (Dutch zeel), Old High German seil (German Seil).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɑːl/

Noun

sāl m

1. rope, cord, rein

Declension

Declension of sal (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	sāl	sālas
accusative	sāl	sālas
genitive	sāles	sāla
dative	sāle	sālum

Descendants

• Middle English: sal, sole, soole
  • Scots: sale, saill, saile, seill, seale
  • English: sole

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *salā.

Noun

sal f (genitive saile)

1. dirt
2. filth, stain
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92^d12

     .i. ní do is ainm du grés pullutum dun elled ass·lentar huanaib salaib corpt[h]aib acht is ainm cac[h] la cein du cach escmun as·lentar hua drochgnimaib.

     It is not for that the term pollutum refers to pollution whereby one is defiled by bodily stains; other times, it is also a term for every impure one who is defiled by bad deeds.

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	salL	sailL	salaH
Vocative	salL	sailL	salaH
Accusative	sailN	sailL	salaH
Genitive	saileH	salL	salN
Dative	sailL	salaib	salaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Related terms

• salach

Descendants

• Irish: sail
• Scottish Gaelic: sal

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
sal	ṡal	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin salem, accusative of sāl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsal]

Noun

sal f (plural sales)

1. salt
   • c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 61r.

     Et ſu ṕpriedat es de aborrecer la ſal tanto que bié parece que a entramas grand enemiztat. ca ſi las ponen en uno. quiebra la piedra ¬ mueles; ¬ la ſal pierde la ſalgadumbre que a en ella.

     And its property is that it loathes salt so much that it would seem that there is a great enmity between them both, for if they are placed together, the stone breaks, and the salt loses all the saltiness within.

Related terms

• salado
• salgadumbre
• salgadura

Descendants

• Spanish: sal

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Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin sāl, salem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal m or f

1. salt

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Portuguese

Saleiros com sal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ˈsaw/, [ˈsaʊ̯]

• IPA^(key): (Portugal) /ˈsal/, [ˈsaɫ]

• Hyphenation: sal
• Rhymes: -al, -aw

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese sal, from Latin sāl, salem (“salt, wit”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l- (“salt”).

Noun

sal m (plural sais)

1. salt (sodium chloride, a substance used as a condiment and preservative)

   Synonyms: cloreto de sódio, sal de cozinha

2. (chemistry) salt (any compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base)
3. (usually in the plural) bath salt (any of several inorganic salts sometimes added to bath water)

   Synonym: sal de banho

4. (figuratively) wit; the quality of being engaging

   Synonym: graça

Derived terms

• salzinho (diminutive)

• sal ácido
• sal amargo
• sal amoníaco
• sal ático
• sal básico
• sal curado
• sal de cozinha
• sal duplo
• sal fino
• sal grosso
• sal interno

 

Related terms

• salada
• saleiro
• salga
• salgado
• salgar

 

Etymology 2

Noun

sal m (plural sais)

1. (rare) sal (Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree)

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Rohingya

Alternative forms

• 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢‎ (sal) – Hanifi Rohingya script

Noun

sal (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢)

1. roof

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Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شال‎ (Turkish şal, from Persian شال‎ (šāl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sal/

Noun

sal n (plural saluri)

1. (rare) shawl, scarf

   Synonym: șal

Etymology 2

Shortened form of salut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa(ː)l/

Interjection

sal!

1. (informal) hey!
2. (informal) bye!

Synonyms

• salut (1, 2)
• pa (2)

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Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Puter) sel

Etymology

From Latin sāl, salem., from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.

Noun

sal m

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) salt

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsal/, [ˈsal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Hyphenation: sal

Etymology 1

From Old Spanish sal, from Latin sāl, salem (compare Catalan sal f, French sel m, Italian sale m, Portuguese sal m, Romanian sare f), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l-, a root shared by English salt. It is not known how the noun became feminine.

Noun

sal f (plural sales)

1. salt; table salt

   Synonyms: sal común, sal de mesa

2. (chemistry) salt

Derived terms

• agua salada
• pan de sal
• sal común
• sal de mesa
• salero
• salino
• sal marina
• salobre
• sin sal (“unsalted, salt-free”)

 

Related terms

• salar (verb)
• salado
• ensalada

• salitre
• salmuera
• salso, salsa

Etymology 2

Verb

sal

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of salir.

Further reading

• “sal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Sumerian

Romanization

sal

1. Romanization of 𒊩 (sal)

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Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel-.

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Noun

sal c

1. a large room (for dining or meetings)

Declension

Declension of sal
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	sal	salen	salar	salarna
Genitive	sals	salens	salars	salarnas

Related terms

• hörsal
• läsesal
• matsal

Further reading

• sal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)

Anagrams

• als

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Tocharian B

Adjective

sal

1. dirty

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Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish صال‎ (sal, “raft; wine press”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)

1. raft

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish سل‎ (sal, sel), from Arabic سَلَّ‎ (salla, “to draw, to unsheathe”).

Verb

sal

1. second-person singular imperative of salmak

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “sal”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 2647

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Venetian

Alternative forms

• sale

Etymology

From Latin sāl, salem.

Noun

sal m (plural sałi)

1. salt (sodium chloride, non-chemical usage)

sal m (plural sali)

1. (chemistry) salt

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Volapük

Noun

sal (nominative plural sals)

1. salt

Declension

declension of sal

	singular	plural
nominative	sal	sals
genitive	sala	salas
dative	sale	sales
accusative	sali	salis
vocative 1	o sal!	o sals!
predicative 2	salu	salus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in later, non-classical Volapük only