sal
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
sal
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English sal, from Latin sal. Doublet of salt.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal (uncountable)
Usage notes edit
Was used predominantly to form the names of various chemical compounds.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla).
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal (plural sals)
- Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree.
- 1989, Thomas Weber, Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement, page 18:
- As the sals were cut in the lower foothill districts the loggers looked towards the mountains in their search for other hardwood timber.
Translations edit
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of translingual Si (silicon) + Al (aluminum).[1]
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
sal (uncountable)
- (geology) Alternative form of sial
- 1923 March, G. Vibert Douglas, A.V. Douglas, “Note on the Interpretation of the Wegener Frequency Curve”, in Geological Magazine[1], volume 60, number 3, Cambridge University Press, , page 108:
- Wegener bases his theory of the drifting continents on the assumption that there are two distinct levels to be taken into account, the surface of the masses of "sal" which form the continents and the surface of the "sima" in which they float.
References edit
- ^ Eduard Suess (1909) “Vierter Theil, Vierundzwanzigster Abschnitt: Die Tiefen”, in Das Antlitz der Erde (in German), volume 3.2, Wien: F. Tempsky, →OCLC, page 626:
- Wir nehmen ferner drei Zonen oder Hüllen als maassgebend für die Beschaffenheit der Erde an, u. zw. die Barysphäre oder das Nife (Ni-Fe), ferner Sima (Si-Mg) und Sal (Si-Al). Diese Theilung unterscheidet sich von der Classification, die von hervorragenden americanischen Petrographen vorgeschlagen wurde, durch die Abtrennung der metallischen Barysphäre (Nife).
- We further assume the existence of three zones or envelopes as determining the structure of the earth, namely, the barysphere or the Nife (Ni-Fe), Sima (Si-Mg), and Sal (Si-Al). This division differs from the classification which has been proposed by distinguished American petrographers, in the separation of the metallic barysphere (Nife).
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch zal, singular of zullen, from Middle Dutch sullen, from Old Dutch *sulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sal (present sal, past sou)
Aragonese edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sal f
References edit
- Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) “sal”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, →ISBN
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sal m (plural sales)
Azerbaijani edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Turkic *sāl.
Noun edit
sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
- raft (wooden)
Declension edit
Declension of sal | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | sal |
sallar | ||||||
definite accusative | salı |
salları | ||||||
dative | sala |
sallara | ||||||
locative | salda |
sallarda | ||||||
ablative | saldan |
sallardan | ||||||
definite genitive | salın |
salların |
Etymology 2 edit
Likely from Proto-Turkic *sal- (“throw, lower, put; heavy”); see Azerbaijani salmaq.
Noun edit
sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
- monolith (a large, single block of stone)
Declension edit
Declension of sal | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | sal |
sallar | ||||||
definite accusative | salı |
salları | ||||||
dative | sala |
sallara | ||||||
locative | salda |
sallarda | ||||||
ablative | saldan |
sallardan | ||||||
definite genitive | salın |
salların |
Adjective edit
sal (comparative daha sal, superlative ən sal)
Verb edit
sal
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
Declension edit
Declension of sal | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | sal |
sallar | ||||||
definite accusative | salı |
salları | ||||||
dative | sala |
sallara | ||||||
locative | salda |
sallarda | ||||||
ablative | saldan |
sallardan | ||||||
definite genitive | salın |
salların |
Further reading edit
- “sal” in Obastan.com.
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Catalan sal, from Latin sāl.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal f (plural sals)
Related terms edit
References edit
- “sal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “sal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “sal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “sal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chairel edit
Noun edit
sal
References edit
- W. McCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill tribes with a comparative vocabulary of the Munnipore and other languages (1859, Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company)
Chavacano edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Spanish sal (“salt”).
Noun edit
sal
Danish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, cognate with German Saal, Dutch zaal. The Germanic word was borrowed to French salon.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal c (singular definite salen, plural indefinite sale)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “sal” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “sal” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
Esperanto edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
sal
- (text messaging) Abbreviation of saluton (“hello”).
Franco-Provençal edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sal f
Galician edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Compare Portuguese sal.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal m (plural sales)
- salt
- No camiño me colleno co'aquelas pedras de sal que o sol fixo de agua doce misturada coa do mar.
- In the way, I picked up with those salt stones that the sun made from fresh water mixed with sea water.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- “sal” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
- “sal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “sal” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “sal” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “sal” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Garo edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
sal
Guinea-Bissau Creole edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Kabuverdianu sal.
Noun edit
sal
Icelandic edit
Noun edit
sal
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch zaal, from Middle Dutch sale, from Old Dutch sala, from Proto-West Germanic *sali, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate of Afrikaans saal (“hall, large room”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal (first-person possessive salku, second-person possessive salmu, third-person possessive salnya)
Synonyms edit
Further reading edit
- “sal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua edit
Noun edit
sal (plural sales)
- salt (substance consisting of positive and negative ions)
Related terms edit
Irish edit
Noun edit
sal f (genitive singular saile) or
sal m (genitive singular sail)
- Alternative form of sail (“dirt; stain”)
Declension edit
As masculine first-declension noun:
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
As feminine second-declension noun:
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
sal | shal after an, tsal |
not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Istriot edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sal ?
Kabuverdianu edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Portuguese sal, from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem. Cognate with Guinea-Bissau Creole sal.
Noun edit
sal
Proper noun edit
sal
- (Sal) Sal
- One of the ten islands of Cape Verde
Karaim edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Turkic *sāl.
Noun edit
sal
References edit
- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “sal”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Latin edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Italic *sāls, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.
Cognates include Sanskrit सर (sará), Old Armenian աղ (ał), Ancient Greek ἅλς (háls), Tocharian A sāle, Old English sealt (English salt), Proto-Slavic *solь and borrowed into Etruscan 𐌀𐌋𐌑𐌀𐌔𐌄 (alśase).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sāl m or n (genitive salis); third declension
- salt
- cum grānō salis ― with a grain of salt
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.337–338:
- ante, deōs hominī quod conciliāre valēret,
fār erat et pūrī lūcida mīca salis- 1851 translation by H. T. Riley
- In days of old, it was plain spelt, and the sparkling grain of unadulterated salt that had efficacy to render the gods propitious to man.
- 1851 translation by H. T. Riley
- ante, deōs hominī quod conciliāre valēret,
- (figurative) wit
- (poetic) brine, salt water, the sea
Usage notes edit
- Sāl is occasionally found as a neuter noun in the singular. The gender is observable only from agreement in the nominative case, and from agreement and the use of sāl (neuter) vs. salem (masculine) in the accusative case. The neuter nominative and accusative singular form can alternatively be sale, e.g. in Ennius Ann. 385 and Varro d. Non. 223, 17. In the nominative and accusative plural, the word is found only in the masculine gender, with the form salēs.
Declension edit
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | sāl | salēs |
Genitive | salis | salum |
Dative | salī | salibus |
Accusative | salem sāl |
salēs |
Ablative | sale | salibus |
Vocative | sāl | salēs |
Derived terms edit
- salō
- salio
- sāl petrae (stone salt; that is, found as an incrustation)
Descendants edit
- Aromanian: sari, sare
- Asturian: sal
- Catalan: sal
- Corsican: sale
- Franco-Provençal: sal
- Friulian: sâl
- Istriot: sal
- Italian: sale m
- Lombard: saa
- Megleno-Romanian: sari
- Occitan: sal, sau
- Gallo-Italic of Sicily: sau f
- Old French: sel m
- Old Galician-Portuguese: sal m
- Old Spanish: sal f
- Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)
- Piedmontese: sal
- Romagnol: sêl
- Romanian: sare f
- Romansch: sal, sel
- Sardinian: sale
- Sicilian: sali
- Venetian: sal, sałe
References edit
- “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “sal”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- sal in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Maltese edit
Root |
---|
s-w-l |
1 term |
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
sal (imperfect jsul, past participle misul)
- to rear up
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of sal | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
perfect | m | solt | solt | sal | solna | soltu | salu | |
f | salet | |||||||
imperfect | m | nsul | ssul | jsul | nsulu | ssulu | jsulu | |
f | ssul | |||||||
imperative | sul | sulu |
Middle Dutch edit
Verb edit
sal
Northern Kurdish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal f
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural saler, definite plural salene)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
sal n
- form removed with the spelling reform of 1981; superseded by salg
References edit
- “sal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz.
Noun edit
sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse sǫðull, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz.
Noun edit
sal m (definite singular salen, indefinite plural salar, definite plural salane)
- a saddle
Related terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Old Norse sal (“payment”).
Noun edit
sal n (definite singular salet, indefinite plural sal, definite plural sala)
- a sale
Related terms edit
References edit
- “sal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams edit
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *sail, from Proto-Germanic *sailą (“rope”).
Cognate with Old Saxon sēl (Dutch zeel), Old High German seil (German Seil).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sāl m
Declension edit
Descendants edit
Old Galician-Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin salem. Cognate with Old Spanish sal f and Old French sel m.
Noun edit
sal m
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *salā.[1]
Noun edit
sal f (genitive saile)
- dirt
- filth, stain
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92d12
- .i. ní do is ainm du grés pullutum dun elled ass·lentar huanaib salaib corpt[h]aib acht is ainm cac[h] la cein du cach escmun as·lentar hua drochgnimaib.
- It is not for that the term pollutum refers to pollution whereby one is defiled by bodily stains; other times, it is also a term for every impure one who is defiled by bad deeds.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92d12
Inflection edit
Feminine ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | salL | sailL | salaH |
Vocative | salL | sailL | salaH |
Accusative | sailN | sailL | salaH |
Genitive | saileH | salL | salN |
Dative | sailL | salaib | salaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
sal | ṡal | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*salā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 319
Further reading edit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse edit
Noun edit
sal
Old Spanish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Latin salem m. Cognate with Old Galician-Portuguese sal m and Old French sel m.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal f (plural sales)
- salt
- c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 61r:
- Et ſu p̃priedat es de aborrecer la ſal tanto que biẽ parece que a entramas grand enemiztat. ca ſi las ponen en uno. quiebra la piedra ⁊ mueles; ⁊ la ſal pierde la ſalgadumbre que a en ella.
- And its property is that it loathes salt so much that it would seem that there is a great enmity between them both, for if they are placed together, the stone breaks, and the salt loses all the saltiness within.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Spanish: sal f (see there for further descendants)
Piedmontese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal m or f
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese sal, from Latin salem (“salt, wit”). Compare Galician sal.
Noun edit
sal m (plural sais)
- salt (sodium chloride, a substance used as a condiment and preservative)
- Synonyms: cloreto de sódio, sal de cozinha
- (chemistry) salt (any compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base)
- (usually in the plural) bath salt (any of several inorganic salts sometimes added to bath water)
- Synonym: sal de banho
- (figurative) wit; the quality of being engaging
- Synonym: graça
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
sal m (plural sais)
- (rare) sal (Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree)
Rohingya edit
Alternative forms edit
- 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢 (sal) — Hanifi Rohingya script
Noun edit
sal (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴓𐴢)
Romanian edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شال (Turkish şal, from Persian شال (šâl).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
sal n (plural saluri)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
Shortened form of salut.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
sal!
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sal m
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Spanish sal, from Latin salem (compare Catalan sal f, French sel m, Italian sale m, Portuguese sal m, Romanian sare f; also English salt). It is not known how the noun became feminine.
Noun edit
sal f (plural sales)
- salt; table salt
- Synonyms: sal común, sal de mesa
- (chemistry) salt
- (Central America, Mexico, Dominican Republic) bad luck, misfortune
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
sal
Further reading edit
- “sal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
sal
- Romanization of 𒊩 (sal)
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse salr, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, from Proto-Indo-European *sol-, *sel-.
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Noun edit
sal c
- a large room, a hall (often for more-or-less public activities)
- föreläsningssal
- lecture hall
- skolans matsal
- the school's dining hall
Declension edit
Declension of sal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | sal | salen | salar | salarna |
Genitive | sals | salens | salars | salarnas |
Related terms edit
References edit
- sal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- sal in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- sal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Tat edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Persian سال (sāl).
Noun edit
sal
Tocharian B edit
Adjective edit
sal
Turkish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Ottoman Turkish صال (sal, “raft; wine press”), from Proto-Turkic *sāl (“raft”). Cognate with Kazakh сал (sal). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
sal (definite accusative salı, plural sallar)
Etymology 2 edit
From Ottoman Turkish سل (sal, sel), from Arabic سَلَّ (salla, “to draw, to unsheathe”).
Verb edit
sal
References edit
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “sal”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[2], Vienna, column 2647
Venetian edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
sal m (plural sałi)
- salt (sodium chloride, non-chemical usage)
Noun edit
sal m (plural sali)
Volapük edit
Noun edit
sal (nominative plural sals)