含む
Japanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
含 |
ふく Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「含む」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
含む | ふくむ | [fùkúꜜmù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 含め | ふくめ | [fùkúꜜmè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 含まれる | ふくまれる | [fùkúmáréꜜrù] |
Causative | 含ませる | ふくませる | [fùkúmáséꜜrù] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 含もう | ふくもー | [fùkúmóꜜò] |
Negative | 含まない | ふくまない | [fùkúmáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 含まなかった | ふくまなかった | [fùkúmáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 含みます | ふくみます | [fùkúmímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 含んだ | ふくんだ | [fùkúꜜǹdà] |
Conjunctive | 含んで | ふくんで | [fùkúꜜǹdè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 含めば | ふくめば | [fùkúꜜmèbà] |
Verb
edit含む • (fukumu) transitive godan (stem 含み (fukumi), past 含んだ (fukunda))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 含める |
mediopassive | 含む |
Conjugation
editConjugation of "含む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 含ま | ふくま | fukuma |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 含み | ふくみ | fukumi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 含まれる | ふくまれる | fukumareru |
Causative | 含ませる 含ます |
ふくませる ふくます |
fukumaseru fukumasu |
Potential | 含める | ふくめる | fukumeru |
Volitional | 含もう | ふくもう | fukumō |
Negative | 含まない | ふくまない | fukumanai |
Negative continuative | 含まず | ふくまず | fukumazu |
Formal | 含みます | ふくみます | fukumimasu |
Perfective | 含んだ | ふくんだ | fukunda |
Conjunctive | 含んで | ふくんで | fukunde |
Hypothetical conditional | 含めば | ふくめば | fukumeba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 含ま | ふくま | fukuma |
Continuative (連用形) | 含み | ふくみ | fukumi |
Terminal (終止形) | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
Attributive (連体形) | 含む | ふくむ | fukumu |
Realis (已然形) | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
Imperative (命令形) | 含め | ふくめ | fukume |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 含まず | ふくまず | fukumazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 含めど | ふくめど | fukumedo |
Causal conjunction | 含めば | ふくめば | fukumeba |
Conditional conjunction | 含まば | ふくまば | fukumaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 含みき | ふくみき | fukumiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 含みけり | ふくみけり | fukumikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 含みつ | ふくみつ | fukumitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 含みぬ | ふくみぬ | fukuminu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 含めり 含みたり |
ふくめり ふくみたり |
fukumeri fukumitari |
Volitional | 含まむ | ふくまむ | fukumamu |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
含 |
くく Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
銜む |
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit含む • (kukumu) transitive godan (stem 含み (kukumi), past 含んだ (kukunda))
- Synonym of 含む (fukumu)
Conjugation
editConjugation of "含む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 含ま | くくま | kukuma |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 含み | くくみ | kukumi |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 含まれる | くくまれる | kukumareru |
Causative | 含ませる 含ます |
くくませる くくます |
kukumaseru kukumasu |
Potential | 含める | くくめる | kukumeru |
Volitional | 含もう | くくもう | kukumō |
Negative | 含まない | くくまない | kukumanai |
Negative continuative | 含まず | くくまず | kukumazu |
Formal | 含みます | くくみます | kukumimasu |
Perfective | 含んだ | くくんだ | kukunda |
Conjunctive | 含んで | くくんで | kukunde |
Hypothetical conditional | 含めば | くくめば | kukumeba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 含ま | くくま | kukuma |
Continuative (連用形) | 含み | くくみ | kukumi |
Terminal (終止形) | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
Attributive (連体形) | 含む | くくむ | kukumu |
Realis (已然形) | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
Imperative (命令形) | 含め | くくめ | kukume |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 含まず | くくまず | kukumazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 含めど | くくめど | kukumedo |
Causal conjunction | 含めば | くくめば | kukumeba |
Conditional conjunction | 含まば | くくまば | kukumaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 含みき | くくみき | kukumiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 含みけり | くくみけり | kukumikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 含みつ | くくみつ | kukumitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 含みぬ | くくみぬ | kukuminu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 含めり 含みたり |
くくめり くくみたり |
kukumeri kukumitari |
Volitional | 含まむ | くくまむ | kukumamu |
References
edit- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 含 read as ふく
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 含 read as くく