含
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
含 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓口 (OINR), four-corner 80602, composition ⿱今口)
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3350
- Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 592, character 1
- Unihan data for U+542B
Chinese edit
| trad. | 含 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 含 | |
| alternative forms | 涵 | |
Glyph origin edit
| Historical forms of the character 含 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 | |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːm) : phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gam (“to put into mouth; to seize with mouth”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan འགམ་པ ('gam pa, “to put into the mouth”), Proto-Tani *g(j)am (“bite”).
Within Chinese, cognate with 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm, “to contain; box; letter”) (Schuessler, 2007). 銜 (OC *ɡraːm, “to carry in the mouth; horse's bit”) is probably related. Bodman (1980) considers 頷 (OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ) to be the endoactive of 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”.
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
含
- to hold or keep in the mouth
- to contain inside; to comprise; to include
- (literary, or in compounds) to bear; to endure
- to harbor (emotion); to nurse; to endure; to hold back
- 含恨 ― hánhèn ― to nurse hatred
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, euphemistic) Short for 含撚. (all senses)
- a surname: Han
Synonyms edit
- (to include):
Compounds edit
- 不含糊
- 內含／内含 (nèihán)
- 包含 (bāohán)
- 含光
- 含冤 (hányuān)
- 含冤昭雪
- 含冤負屈／含冤负屈
- 吞吐含蓄
- 含含糊糊
- 含味
- 含哺鼓腹
- 含嚬／含𫫾
- 含囈／含呓 (hányì)
- 含垢
- 含垢忍恥／含垢忍耻
- 含垢忍辱
- 含垢納汙／含垢纳污
- 含垢藏疾
- 含宥
- 含弘
- 含怨 (hányuàn)
- 含怒 (hánnù)
- 含息
- 含恨 (hánhèn)
- 含悲 (hánbēi)
- 含情 (hánqíng)
- 含悲忍淚／含悲忍泪
- 含情脈脈／含情脉脉 (hánqíngmòmò)
- 含意 (hányì)
- 含括
- 含有 (hányǒu)
- 含殮／含殓
- 含毫
- 含水層／含水层 (hánshuǐcéng)
- 含水物
- 含水量 (hánshuǐliàng)
- 含沙射影 (hánshāshèyǐng)
- 含沙量
- 含涕
- 含淚／含泪 (hánlèi)
- 含混 (hánhùn)
- 含渾／含浑
- 含漱劑／含漱剂
- 含煙籠霧／含烟笼雾
- 含玉 (hányù)
- 含生
- 含秀
- 含笑 (hánxiào)
- 含笑入地
- 含笑花
- 含糊
- 含糊不清
- 含糊其辭／含糊其辞 (hánhúqící)
- 含羞 (hánxiū)
- 含羞忍辱
- 含羞草 (hánxiūcǎo)
- 含義／含义 (hányì)
- 含臉／含脸
- 含苞 (hánbāo)
- 含英
- 含英咀華／含英咀华 (hányīngjǔhuá)
- 含苞待放
- 含苞未放
- 含苞欲放
- 含荼
- 含葩
- 含蓄 (hánxù)
- 含蓄渾厚／含蓄浑厚
- 含蓼問疾／含蓼问疾
- 含蘊／含蕴
- 含血噴人／含血喷人 (hánxuèpēnrén)
- 含血噀人
- 含貝／含贝
- 含辛茹苦 (hánxīnrúkǔ)
- 含酸
- 含量 (hánliàng)
- 含霜
- 含章
- 含飯／含饭
- 含飴弄孫／含饴弄孙 (hányínòngsūn)
- 含齒戴髮／含齿戴发
- 大含細入／大含细入
- 忍尤含詬／忍尤含诟
- 忍恥含垢／忍耻含垢
- 忍恥含羞／忍耻含羞
- 忍辱含垢
- 忍辱含羞
- 戴髮含齒／戴发含齿
- 斯陀含
- 暗含 (ànhán)
- 百卉含英
- 羅含夢鳥／罗含梦鸟
- 茹苦含辛
- 薄面含嗔
- 蘊含／蕴含 (yùnhán)
- 蘊藉含蓄／蕴借含蓄
- 負屈含冤／负屈含冤
- 阿那含
- 隱含／隐含 (yǐnhán)
- 風木含悲／风木含悲
- 鼓腹含哺
- 齒如含貝／齿如含贝
Etymology 2 edit
Exoactive or causative of etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 憾 (OC *ɡɯːms, “to resent”).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
含
- † Original form of 琀 (hán, “gems and pearls stuffed into a corpse's mouth”).
- † to put gems and pearls into a corpse's mouth
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
含
Compounds edit
References edit
- “含”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
- include, contain
Readings edit
Korean edit
Hanja edit
含 (eumhun 머금을 함 (meogeumeul ham))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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