形而下
Chinese edit
to appear; to look; form to appear; to look; form; shape |
and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast) |
under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter | ||
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simp. and trad. (形而下) |
形 | 而 | 下 |
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
形而下
- (philosophy) physical or material things
Antonyms edit
- 形而上 (xíng'érshàng)
Japanese edit
Kanji in this term | ||
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形 | 而 | 下 |
けい Grade: 2 |
じ Jinmeiyō |
か Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
Etymology edit
Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English concrete, based on the phrase 形而下者、謂之器 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).[1][2][3][4]
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) けーじか [kèéjíꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][5]
- (Tokyo) けーじか [kèéjíká] (Heiban – [0])[2][6][5]
- IPA(key): [ke̞ːʑika̠]
Noun edit
- (philosophy) physical, material
- Antonym: 形而上 (keijijō)
References edit
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “形而下”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Inoue, Tetsujirō (1881) 哲学字彙[2], University of Tokyo, page 1
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja in this term | ||
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形 | 而 | 下 |