下
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
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Han characterEdit
下 (radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一卜 (MY), four-corner 10230, composition ⿱一卜)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 76, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14
- Dae Jaweon: page 147, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 7, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E0B
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
下 | |
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| variant forms | 丅 𠄟 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 下 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (下) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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| Old Chinese | |
| 丅 | *ɡraːʔ |
| 下 | *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs |
| 芐 | *ɡraːs, *ɡaːʔ |
下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram (指事) that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
下
- lower part, low position; down
- Antonyms: 上 (shàng)
- under
- low
- inferior, poor
- 下品 ― xiàpǐn ― inferior products
- next
- 下次 ― xiàcì ― next time
- to go down; to get out of
- to go to
- 下海 ― xiàhǎi ― to go to sea
- to fall down; to rain or snow
- to give; to issue
- 下令 ― xiàlìng ― to issue an order
- to put in
- to begin, to start
- to finish, to complete
- 下班 ― xiàbān ― to get off work
- to give birth (as an animal)
- to lay (egg)
- 下蛋 ― xiàdàn ― to lay eggs
- (colloquial) Short for 下載 (“to download”).
- (colloquial) Short for 下線 (“to log out”).
- with, under
- Used after a verb to express height.
- Used after a verb to express space.
- Used after a verb to express the separation of an object.
- Used after a verb to express the end of an action.
- Classifier for the number of actions.
See alsoEdit
CompoundsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “Entry #175”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: げ (ge, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)
- Kun: した (shita, 下, Jōyō); しも (shimo, 下, Jōyō); もと (moto, 下, Jōyō); さがる (sagaru, 下がる, Jōyō); さげる (sageru, 下げる, Jōyō); くだる (kudaru, 下る, Jōyō); くだす (kudasu, 下す, Jōyō); くださる (kudasaru, 下さる, Jōyō); おりる (oriru, 下りる, Jōyō); おろす (orosu, 下ろす, Jōyō)
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 下 |
| した Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- the below
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 下 |
| しも Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- lower portion, end
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 下 |
| もと Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- lower portion; base
- under the influence of
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 下 |
| げ Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
- under a situation
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
OkinawanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as しちや.[1]
NounEdit
下 (hiragana しちゃ, romaji shicha)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/46