而

而	U+800C, 而 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-800C

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 126 而

而 (radical 126, 而+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月中中 (MBLL), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱一𦓐 or ⿱丆𦉫)

Kangxi radical #126, ⽽.

Derived charactersEdit

Index:Chinese radical/而

ReferencesEdit

Wikidata has structured data related to:

而

Wikidata

KangXi: page 961, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28871
Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2810, character 1
Unihan data for U+800C

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		而

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 而
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (而) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
耐	*nɯːs
耏	nɯːs, njɯ
而	*njɯ
鮞	njɯ, njuɡ
鴯	*njɯ
栭	*njɯ
陑	*njɯ
峏	*njɯ
輀	*njɯ
胹	*njɯ
洏	*njɯ
髵	*njɯ
恧	nɯɡ, nuɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a beard. Original form of 耏 (OC *nɯːs, *njɯ) or 髵 (OC *njɯ).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ér (er²)

(Zhuyin): ㄦˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ji⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngei⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì
Min Bei (KCR): ě̤
Min Dong (BUC): ì
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lî / jî

(Teochew, Peng'im): re⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hher (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ér
  - Zhuyin: ㄦˊ
  - Wade–Giles: êrh²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: erl
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤɻ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁴
  - Yale: yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngei⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /ᵑgei²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi²
  - IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě̤
  - IPA ^(key): /œ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ì
  - IPA ^(key): /i⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî
  - Tâi-lô: lî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lii
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /li²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî
  - Tâi-lô: jî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑi²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: re⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jṳ̂
  - IPA ^(key): /d͡zɯ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hher (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɦəɻ²³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 而
Mandarin	Beijing	/əɻ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɚ²¹³/
	Tianjin	/əɻ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/əɻ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/əɻ⁵⁵/ /ɭə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɭ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/əɻ²¹/
	Xining	/ɛ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/əɻ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɯ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɚ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɯ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/əɻ³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɚ²¹/
	Kunming	/ə³¹/
	Nanjing	/əɻ²⁴/
	Hefei	/a⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/əɻ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/əɻ¹³/
	Hohhot	/aɻ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/əl²³/
	Suzhou	/əl¹³/
	Hangzhou	/əl²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zz̩³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɛ⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ə¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/e¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɵ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/i¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ji²¹/
	Nanning	/ji²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ji²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/li³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/i⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/œ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/zɯ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lɛ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ȵɨ/▼

Rime
Character	而
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如之切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨ/
Li Rong	/ȵiə/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ér

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nə/

(Zhengzhang): /*njɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	而
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ér
Middle Chinese	‹ nyi ›
Old Chinese	/*nə/
English	and, but
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	而
Reading #	1/1
No.	2720
Phonetic component	而
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	而
Old Chinese	/*njɯ/

DefinitionsEdit

而

and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)
偉大而艱巨的任務 [MSC, trad.]
伟大而艰巨的任务 [MSC, simp.]
wěidà ér jiānjù de rènwù [Pinyin]
a great and arduous task
- 天地與我並存，而萬物與我為一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  天地与我并存，而万物与我为一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Tiāndì yǔ wǒ bìngcún, ér wànwù yǔ wǒ wèi yī. [Pinyin]
  The universe and I came into being together; and I, and everything therein, are One.
and yet; but; nevertheless
有其名而無其實 / 有其名而无其实 ― yǒu qí míng ér wú qíshí ― in name but not in reality

心猶豫而狐疑兮，欲自適而不可。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
心犹豫而狐疑兮，欲自适而不可。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
Xīn yóuyù ér húyí xī, yù zìshì ér bùkě. [Pinyin]
Like whelp in doubt, like timid fox in fear,
I wished to go, but wandered ever near.
(from ...) to ...
used between an adverbial element and a verb to indicate cause, purpose or manner

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 而

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: に (ni)
Kan-on: じ (ji)
Kun: しこうして (shikōshite, 而して); しかして (shikashite, 而して); しかも (shikamo, 而も); しかれども (shikaredomo, 而れども)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

而 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

而 (nhi)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

而

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

See alsoEdit

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit