Last modified on 29 January 2015, at 23:38

而

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

Pictogram (象形) – beard.

See images of
Radical 126 而

而 (radical 126 而+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月中中 (MBLL), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱⿱一丿⿵冂⿰丨丨)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 961, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28871
Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2810, character 1
Unihan data for U+800C

ChineseEdit

		-
simp. and trad.		而

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin

(Pinyin): ér (er²)

(Zhuyin): ㄦˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴
Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): yì
Min Nan (POJ): jî
Wu (WT Romanisation): er (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: ér
  - Zhuyin: ㄦˊ
  - Wade-Giles: êrh²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: elr
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤɻ³⁵/
  - (file)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁴
  - Yale: yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
Hakka
- Romanisations:
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
  - IPA (Siyen, including Miaoli): /ji¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî
  - Tâi-lô: jî
  - IPA (Taipei): /d͡ʑi²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - WT Romanisation: er (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /əɻ²³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (而, reconstructed)
Character (而), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 日 (38) Final: 之 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 如之切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ȵɨ/	/ȵʑi/	/ȵiə/	/ȵɨ/	/ȵɨ/	/ȵʑĭə/	/ȵʑie/

Old Chinese pronunciation (而, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
而								ér								‹ nyi ›								/*nə/								and, but
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
而					2720					而					之					0					而					/*njɯ/

ConjunctionEdit

而

(Beginning Mandarin) and

偉大而艱巨的任務 / 伟大而艰巨的任务 ― wěidà ér jiānjù de rènwù ― a great and arduous task
(Beginning Mandarin) and yet; but; nevertheless

有其名而無其實 / 有其名而无其实 ― yǒu qí míng ér wú qíshí ― in name but not in reality

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 而

而

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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ReadingsEdit

Goon: に (ni)
Kan’on: じ (ji)
Kun: しこうして (shikōshite), しかして (shikashite), しかれども (shikaredomo)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

而 (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune-Reischauer i, Yale i)

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

而 (nhi)

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