而
Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
而 (radical 126 而+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月中中 (MBLL), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱⿱一丿⿵冂⿰丨丨)
- Kangxi radical #126, ⽽ (“and”).
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 961, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28871
- Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2810, character 1
- Unihan data for U+800C
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
而 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 而
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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 |
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Pictogram (象形) – a beard.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄦˊ
- Wade-Giles: êrh2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: elr
- IPA (key): /ˀɤɻ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ji4
- Yale: yìh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji4
- IPA (key): /jiː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- IPA: /i¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi2
- IPA: /(j)i¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî / lî
- Tâi-lô: jî / lî
- Phofsit Daibuun: jii, lii
- IPA (Taipei): /d͡ʑi²⁴/, /li²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi¹³/, /li¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: re5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jṳ̂
- IPA (key): /d͡zɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hher (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦəɻ²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 而 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /əɻ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɚ²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /əɻ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /əɻ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /əɻ⁵⁵/ /ɭə⁵⁵/ |
|
| Zhengzhou | /ɭ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /əɻ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /ɛ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /əɻ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ɯ⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ɚ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɯ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /əɻ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɚ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /əɻ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /a⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /əɻ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /əɻ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /aɻ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /əl²³/ |
| Suzhou | /əl¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /əl²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zz̩³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ə⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ə¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /e¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɵ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /i¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | ||
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ji²¹/ |
| Nanning | /ji²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ji²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /li³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /i⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /œ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /zɯ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /lɛ²¹³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如之切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ȵɨ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ȵɨ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ȵʑie/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ȵɨ/ |
| Li Rong |
/ȵiə/ |
| Wang Li |
/ȵʑĭə/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ȵʑi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
ér |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
ér |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ nyi › |
| Old Chinese |
/*nə/ |
| English | and, but |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 而 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2720 |
| Phonetic component |
而 |
| Rime group |
之 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
而 |
| Old Chinese |
/*njɯ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
而
- and
- and yet; but; nevertheless
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 而
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
而
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
ReadingsEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
而 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune-Reischauer i, Yale i)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
而 (nhi)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.