Wiktionary

而

而 U+800C, 而
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-800C
← 耋
[U+800B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 耍 →
[U+800D]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 126 而

而 (radical 126, 而+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一月中中 (MBLL), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱一𦓐 or ⿱丆𦉫)

  1. Kangxi radical #126, ⽽.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 961, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28871
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1409, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2810, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+800C

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 而

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 而
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (而) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
耐 *nɯːs
耏 *nɯːs, *njɯ
而 *njɯ
鮞 *njɯ, *njuɡ
鴯 *njɯ
栭 *njɯ
陑 *njɯ
峏 *njɯ
輀 *njɯ
胹 *njɯ
洏 *njɯ
髵 *njɯ
恧 *nɯɡ, *nuɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a beard. Original form of 耏 (OC *nɯːs, *njɯ) or 髵 (OC *njɯ).

EtymologyEdit

“you; your”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

PronunciationEdit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 而
Mandarin Beijing /əɻ³⁵/
Harbin /ɚ²¹³/
Tianjin /əɻ⁴⁵/
Jinan /əɻ⁴²/
Qingdao /əɻ⁵⁵/
/ɭə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɭ⁴²/
Xi'an /əɻ²¹/
Xining /ɛ²⁴/
Yinchuan /əɻ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɯ⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɚ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɯ²¹³/
Chengdu /əɻ³¹/
Guiyang /ɚ²¹/
Kunming /ə³¹/
Nanjing /əɻ²⁴/
Hefei /a⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /əɻ¹¹/
Pingyao /əɻ¹³/
Hohhot /aɻ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /əl²³/
Suzhou /əl¹³/
Hangzhou /əl²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ə¹³/
Xiangtan /e¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /i¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /ji²¹/
Nanning /ji²¹/
Hong Kong /ji²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /li³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /i⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /œ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lɛ²¹³/
Rime
Character 而
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 如之切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiə/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ér
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 而
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ér
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyi ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nə/
English and, but

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 而
Reading # 1/1
No. 2720
Phonetic
component 		而
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		而
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯ/

DefinitionsEdit

而

  1. and (used to connect two clauses or adjectives)
    偉大而艱巨的任務 [MSC, trad.]
    伟大而艰巨的任务 [MSC, simp.]
    wěidà ér jiānjù de rènwù [Pinyin]
    a great and arduous task
  2. and yet; but; nevertheless
    有其名而無其實 / 有其名而无其实  ―  yǒu qí míng ér wú qíshí  ―  in name but not in reality
    心猶豫而狐疑兮，欲自適而不可。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    心犹豫而狐疑兮，欲自适而不可。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Xīn yóuyù ér húyí xī, yù zìshì ér bùkě. [Pinyin]
    Like whelp in doubt, like timid fox in fear,
    I wished to go, but wandered ever near.
  3. (from ...) to ...
  4. used between an adverbial element and a verb to indicate cause, purpose or manner
  5. (literary) you; your
    余弟死，而子來，是而子殺余之弟也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    余弟死，而子来，是而子杀余之弟也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: Commentary of Zuo, circa 4th century BCE
    Yú dì sǐ, ér zǐ lái, shì ér zǐ shā yú zhī dì yě. [Pinyin]
    My young brother died, but your son returned. This means your son murdered my younger brother.
    此後亦非而所知也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    此后亦非而所知也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE
    Cǐ hòu yì fēi ér suǒ zhī yě. [Pinyin]
    Things after this are not things you will know.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 honorific, 卿 honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 你, 您 honorific
Mandarin Beijing 你, 您 honorific
Taiwan 你, 您 honorific
Harbin 你, 您 honorific
Shenyang 你
Hailar 你
Ulanhot 你
Tongliao 你
Chifeng 你, 您 honorific
Bayanhot 你, 您 honorific
Jinan 你
Muping 你
Luoyang 你
Wanrong 你
Xi'an 你
Zhengzhou 你
Xining 你, 喬
Xuzhou 恁, 你
Yinchuan 你
Lanzhou 你
Ürümqi 你
Wuhan 你, 你家 honorific
Chengdu 你
Guiyang 你
Guilin 你
Liuzhou 你
Kunming 你
Yangzhou 你
Nanjing 你
Hefei 你
Nantong 你
Malaysia 你, 您 honorific
Singapore 你, 您 honorific
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 你
Cantonese Guangzhou 你
Hong Kong 你
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 你
Macau 你
Panyu 你
Huadu (Huashan) 你
Conghua 你
Zengcheng 你
Foshan 你
Nanhai (Shatou) 你
Shunde 你
Sanshui 你
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 你
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 你
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 你
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 你
Doumen 你
Jiangmen (Baisha) 你
Xinhui 你
Taishan 你
Kaiping (Chikan) 你
Enping (Niujiang) 你
Heshan (Yayao) 你
Dongguan 你
Bao'an (Shajing) 你
Shaoguan 你
Yunfu 你
Yangjiang 你
Xinyi 你
Lianjiang 你
Danzhou 你
Kuala Lumpur 你
Singapore 你
Gan Nanchang 你
Lichuan 汝
Pingxiang 恨, 你
Hakka Meixian 你
Xingning 你
Huidong (Daling) 你
Qujiang 你
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 你
Changting 你
Pingyu 你
Wuping 你
Liancheng 你
Ninghua 你
Yudu 你
Ruijin 你
Shicheng 你
Shangyou 你
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 你
Liudui (S. Sixian) 你
Hsinchu (Hailu) 你
Dongshi (Dabu) 你
Hsinchu (Raoping) 你
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 你
Hong Kong 你
Sabah 你
Senai 你
Singkawang 你
Huizhou Jixi 爾, 爾仂
Shexian 爾
Tunxi 爾, 爾仂
Jin Taiyuan 你
Xinzhou 你, 你吶 honorific
Baochang 你, 您 honorific
Jining 你, 您 honorific
Hohhot 你, 您 honorific
Baotou 你, 您 honorific
Dongsheng 你, 您 honorific
Linhe 你, 您 honorific
Haibowan 你, 您 honorific
Min Bei Jian'ou 你
Dikou 你
Songxi 你
Zhenghe 你
Zhenqian 汝
Jianyang 你
Wuyishan 你
Shibei 你
Min Dong Fuzhou 汝
Changle 汝
Fuqing 汝
Pingtan 汝
Yongtai 汝
Gutian 汝
Fu'an 汝
Ningde 汝
Shouning 汝
Zhouning 汝
Fuding 汝
Matsu 汝
Min Nan Xiamen 汝
Quanzhou 汝
Zhangzhou 汝
Taipei 汝
Kaohsiung 汝
Tainan 汝
Taichung 汝
Wuqi 汝
Hsinchu 汝
Taitung 汝
Lukang 汝
Sanxia 汝
Yilan 汝
Kinmen 汝
Magong 汝
Penang (Hokkien) 汝
Singapore (Hokkien) 汝
Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 汝
Chaozhou 汝
Shantou 汝
Haifeng 汝
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 汝
Singapore (Teochew) 汝
Wenchang 汝
Haikou 汝
Leizhou 汝
Puxian Min Putian 汝
Xianyou 汝
Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 你
Wu Shanghai 儂
Suzhou 倷
Wuxi 你
Hangzhou 你
Wenzhou 你
Chongming 爾
Danyang 爾
Jinhua 儂
Tangxi 爾, 爾儂
Ningbo 儂, 爾, 爾儂
Xiang Changsha 你
Shuangfeng 你
Xiangtan 你
Loudi 你

See alsoEdit

  • 與／与 (yǔ, “and”), used to connect two nouns

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 而

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

而

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. rake

ReadingsEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

而 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

而 (nhi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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