換える
Japanese
editEtymology
editKanji in this term |
---|
換 |
か Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese かふ (kapu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Cognate with 変える (kaeru), 替える (kaeru) and 代える (kaeru).
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "換える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
換える | かえる | [kàérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 換えろ | かえろ | [kàéró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 換えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
Causative | 換えさせる | かえさせる | [kàésásérú] |
Potential | 換えられる | かえられる | [kàérárérú] |
Volitional | 換えよう | かえよー | [kàéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 換えない | かえない | [kàénáí] |
Negative perfective | 換えなかった | かえなかった | [kàénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 換えます | かえます | [kàémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 換えた | かえた | [kàétá] |
Conjunctive | 換えて | かえて | [kàété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 換えれば | かえれば | [kàéréꜜbà] |
Verb
edit換える • (kaeru) ←かへる (kaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 換え (kae), past 換えた (kaeta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 換える |
mediopassive | 換わる |
- exchange, change for
Conjugation
editConjugation of "換える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 換え | かえ | kae | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 換え | かえ | kae | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 換える | かえる | kaeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 換える | かえる | kaeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 換えれ | かえれ | kaere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 換えよ¹ 換えろ² |
かえよ¹ かえろ² |
kaeyo¹ kaero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 換えられる | かえられる | kaerareru | |
Causative | 換えさせる 換えさす |
かえさせる かえさす |
kaesaseru kaesasu | |
Potential | 換えられる 換えれる³ |
かえられる かえれる³ |
kaerareru kaereru³ | |
Volitional | 換えよう | かえよう | kaeyō | |
Negative | 換えない 換えぬ 換えん |
かえない かえぬ かえん |
kaenai kaenu kaen | |
Negative continuative | 換えず | かえず | kaezu | |
Formal | 換えます | かえます | kaemasu | |
Perfective | 換えた | かえた | kaeta | |
Conjunctive | 換えて | かえて | kaete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 換えれば | かえれば | kaereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
References
edit- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 換 read as か
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese type 2 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji