conjugation

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin coniugātiō (“combining, connecting; conjugation”), from coniugō (“join, unite together”). Equivalent to conjugate +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

conjugation (countable and uncountable, plural conjugations)

1. The coming together of things; union.
2. (biology) The temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction
3. Sexual relations within marriage
4. (grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
   • 1530 July 18, Iohan Palſgrave, “The Introduction”, in Leſclarciſſement de la langue francoyſe […] ‎^[1], London: Richard Pynſon, Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, page 32; reprinted as Lesclarcissement de la langue françoyse, Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 1972:

     In ſo moche that if any verbe be of the thyꝛde coniugation / I ſet out all his rotes and tenſes […]

5. (grammar) The act or process of conjugating a verb.
6. (grammar) The product of that act: the conjugated forms of a verb, collected into a list or recitation.

   Meronym: principal parts

7. (chemistry) A system of delocalized orbitals consisting of alternating single bonds and double bonds
8. (mathematics) A mapping sending x to gxg^-1, where g and x are elements of a group; inner automorphism
9. (mathematics) A function which negates the non-real part of a complex or hypercomplex number; complex conjugation

Hypernyms

• flexion, inflexion, accidence, flection, inflection

Coordinate terms

• declension, declination

Derived terms

• periphrastic conjugation

Related terms

• conjugate

Translations

coming together of things

• Bulgarian: съединяване (bg) n (sǎedinjavane), съединение (bg) n (sǎedinenie)
• Dutch: conjugatie (nl) f
• Finnish: yhdistyminen (fi)
• Greek: σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi), συζυγία (el) f (syzygía)
• Icelandic: samkoma f
• Indonesian: konjugasi (id)
• Japanese: 結合 (ja) (けつごう, ketsugō), 接合 (ja) (せつごう, setsugō), 連結 (ja) (れんけつ, renketsu)
• Polish: połączenie (pl) n
• Portuguese: conjunção (pt) f, junção (pt) f, união (pt) f, conjugação (pt) f
• Tagalog: pagsasama, pagkakaisa
• Thai: การผันคำกริยา

fusion of organisms

• Bulgarian: конюгация (bg) f (konjugacija)
• Czech: konjugace (cs) f
• Finnish: yhdyntä (fi), yhtyminen (fi)
• Greek: σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi), συζυγία (el) f (syzygía)
• Irish: comhchuingiú m
• Japanese: 接合 (ja) (せつごう, setsugō), 結合 (ja) (けつごう, ketsugō)
• Polish: koniugacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: união (pt)
• Serbo-Croatian: konjugacija (sh) f
• Tagalog: pagkakaisa
• Turkish: konjugasyon (tr)

in some languages, one of several classifications of verbs

• Arabic: تَصْرِيف‎ m (taṣrīf)
• Armenian: խոնարհում (hy) (xonarhum)
• Azerbaijani: təsrif
• Belarusian: спражэ́нне n (spražénnje)
• Bulgarian: спреже́ние (bg) n (sprežénie)
• Catalan: conjugació (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 變位／变位 (zh) (biànwèi)

• Czech: časování (cs) n
• Danish: konjugation (da) c, bøjning (da) c
• Dutch: vervoeging (nl) f
• Estonian: pööramine, konjugatsioon
• Finnish: konjugaatio (fi)
• French: conjugaison (fr) f
• Galician: conxugación (gl) f
• Georgian: უღვლილება (uɣvlileba)
• German: Konjugation (de) f
• Greek: συζυγία (el) f (syzygía)

  Ancient: συζυγία f (suzugía)

• Hungarian: igeragozás (hu), igeragozási típus
• Icelandic: beyging (is) f
• Irish: réimniú m
• Italian: coniugazione (it) f
• Japanese: 活用 (ja) (かつよう, katsuyō)
• Kazakh: жіктелу (jıktelu), жіктеу (jıkteu)
• Korean: 활용 (ko) (hwaryong)
• Kyrgyz: жакталыш (ky) (jaktalış)
• Latvian: konjugācija f
• Lithuanian: konjugacija f, asmenuotė (lt) f
• Low German:

  German Low German: Konjugatschoon f

• Macedonian: конјугација f (konjugacija)
• Malay: konjugasi, tasrif
• Norman: conjudgaison f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bøyning m or f, bøying (no) m or f, konjugasjon m

  Nynorsk: bøying f, konjugasjon m

• Occitan: conjugason (oc) f
• Persian: تصریف‎ (fa) (tasrif)
• Polish: koniugacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f
• Romanian: conjugare (ro) f
• Romansch: conjugaziun f
• Russian: спряже́ние (ru) n (sprjažénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: конјугација f

  Roman: konjugacija (sh) f

• Slovak: časovanie n
• Slovene: konjugacija f
• Spanish: conjugación (es) f
• Swedish: konjugation (sv) c, böjning (sv) c
• Tagalog: sabanghay
• Tajik: тасрифкунӣ (tg) (tasrifkunī), тасриф (tg) (tasrif)
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: дієвідмі́на f (dijevidmína)
• Uzbek: tuslanish (uz)
• Vietnamese: chia động từ

act of conjugating a verb

• Albanian: zgjedhim (sq) m
• Arabic: اِقْتِرَان‎ m (iqtirān), تَصْرِيف اَلْأَفْعَال‎ m (taṣrīf al-ʔafʕāl) (inflection of verbs), تَصْرِيف‎ m (taṣrīf)
• Aragonese: conchugación f
• Armenian: խոնարհում (hy) (xonarhum)
• Azerbaijani: təsrif
• Belarusian: спражэ́нне n (spražénnje)
• Bulgarian: спряга́не n (sprjagáne), спреже́ние (bg) n (sprežénie)
• Chechen: хийцар (xiicar)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 變位／变位 (zh) (biànwèi)

• Czech: časování (cs) n
• Danish: konjugation (da) c, verbbøjning c, bøjning (da) c
• Dutch: vervoeging (nl) f, conjugatie (nl) f
• Esperanto: konjugacio (eo)
• Estonian: konjugatsioon
• Faroese: bending (fo) f
• Finnish: taivuttaminen (fi), taivutus (fi)
• French: conjugaison (fr) f
• Georgian: უღვლილება (uɣvlileba), უღლება (uɣleba)
• German: Konjugation (de) f
• Greek: κλίση (el) f (klísi)
• Hebrew: הטיה‎ (he) f (hat'aia), נטיה‎ (he) f (n'tiyah)
• Hungarian: igeragozás (hu)
• Icelandic: sagnbeyging (is) f, persónubeyging sagna f, beyging (is) f
• Indonesian: konjugasi (id), tasrif (id)
• Irish: réimniú
• Italian: coniugazione (it) f
• Japanese: 活用 (ja) (かつよう, katsuyō)
• Kazakh: жіктелу (jıktelu), жіктеу (jıkteu)
• Korean: 활용 (ko) (hwaryong)
• Kyrgyz: жакталыш (ky) (jaktalış)
• Latin: coniugātiō (la) f
• Latvian: konjugācija f
• Lithuanian: konjugacija f
• Low German:

  German Low German: Konjugatschoon f

• Macedonian: конјугација f (konjugacija)
• Norman: conjudgaison f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bøyning m or f, bøying (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: bøying f

• Persian: تصریف‎ (fa) (tasrif)
• Polish: koniugacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f
• Romanian: conjugare (ro) f
• Russian: спряже́ние (ru) n (sprjažénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: конјугација f, спрезање n

  Roman: konjugacija (sh) f, sprezanje (sh) n

• Slovak: časovanie n
• Slovene: konjugacija f
• Spanish: conjugación (es) f
• Swedish: konjugation (sv) c, böjning (sv) c, konjugering c
• Tagalog: pagbabanghay
• Tajik: тасрифкунӣ (tg) (tasrifkunī), тасриф (tg) (tasrif)
• Turkish: çekim (tr)
• Ukrainian: дієвідмі́на f (dijevidmína)
• Uzbek: tuslanish (uz)
• Vietnamese: chia động từ
• Welsh: rhediad (cy) m
• Yiddish: קאָניוגאַציע‎ f (konyugatsye)

conjugated forms of a verb

• Danish: verbbøjning c, konjugation (da) c
• Finnish: taivutuskaava (fi), taivutus (fi)
• French: conjugaison (fr) f
• Norman: conjudgaison f
• Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f, forma verbal f
• Spanish: conjugación (es) f

See also

• flection, flexion, inflection, inflexion