檳榔

See also: 槟榔

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (檳榔)		檳	榔
simp. (槟榔)		槟	榔
alternative forms		賓桹／宾桹 賓郎／宾郎

Etymology

Described in Qimin Yaoshu [544 CE] and Taiping Yulan [983 CE].

Borrowed from a Southern language, possibly a Mon-Khmer or Austronesian language. Compare Northern Khmer นาดพลฺืง (“a kind of betel leaf bush”), Thavung พะเล้อฺ (“betel”); Proto-Vietic *p-naːŋ; Eastern Katu panang; Malay pinang; Acehnese pineung, Tsat naːŋ³³ (< Proto-Chamic *pinaːŋ (“betel nut”)), as well as Proto-Mon-Khmer *ml[əw] (“betel”), whence Khmer ម្លូ (mluu), Northern Khmer มลู, Vietnamese trầu (< Proto-Vietic *b-luː), Thai พลู (pluu) and perhaps Chinese 扶留 (OC *pa/ba m·ru/m·rus, “a leaf chewed together with betel nut”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bīngláng, bīnláng

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥ ㄌㄤˊ, ㄅㄧㄣ ㄌㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ban¹ long⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pîn-lòng / pîn-nòng

  (Hailu, HRS): bin^ˋ long / ben^ˋ long

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bin¹ long²

• Eastern Min (BUC): bĭng-lòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pin-nn̂g / pun-nn̂g

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bing¹ no⁵ / bêng¹ no⁵ / bing¹ lo⁵ / bing¹ lang⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹pin-laon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bīngláng
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥ ㄌㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bingláng
    • Wade–Giles: ping¹-lang²
    • Yale: bīng-láng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binglang
    • Palladius: бинлан (binlan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bīnláng
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄣ ㄌㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: binláng
    • Wade–Giles: pin¹-lang²
    • Yale: bīn-láng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: binlang
    • Palladius: биньлан (binʹlan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pin⁵⁵ lɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ban¹ long⁴
    • Yale: bān lòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ban¹ long⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ben¹ long⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐn⁵⁵ lɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pîn-lòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: bin^ˊ long^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bin¹ long²
    • Sinological IPA: /pin²⁴ loŋ¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pîn-lòng / pîn-nòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: bin^ˊ long^ˇ / bin^ˊ nong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bin¹ long² / bin¹ nong²
    • Sinological IPA: /pin²⁴ loŋ¹¹/, /pin²⁴ noŋ¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: bin^ˋ long / ben^ˋ long
    • Sinological IPA: /pin⁵³ loŋ⁵⁵/, /pen⁵³ loŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bin¹ long²
    • Sinological IPA: /pin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ lɔŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭng-lòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ⁵⁵ ^(l-)nˡouŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Zhangzhou, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pin-nn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: pin-nn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pinnngg
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pin⁴⁴⁻²² nŋ̍¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Yilan): /pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /pin⁴⁴⁻²² nŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /pin³³ nŋ̍²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pun-nn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: pun-nn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: punnngg
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pun⁴⁴⁻²² nŋ̍¹³/
    • IPA (Tainan): /pun⁴⁴⁻³³ nŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bing¹ no⁵ / bêng¹ no⁵ / bing¹ lo⁵ / bing¹ lang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ping nô / peng nô / ping lô / ping lâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ³³⁻²³ no⁵⁵/, /peŋ³³⁻²³ no⁵⁵/, /piŋ³³⁻²³ lo⁵⁵/, /piŋ³³⁻²³ laŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• bing1 no5 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
• bêng1 no5 - Jieyang;
• bing1 lo5 - Chaoyang.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹pin-laon
    • MiniDict: pin^平 laon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹pin-laan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pin⁵⁵ lɑ̃²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: pjin lang

Rime
Character	檳	榔
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	必鄰切	魯當切
Baxter	pjin	lang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piɪn/	/lɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pin/	/lɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pjen/	/lɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pin/	/laŋ/
Li Rong	/piĕn/	/lɑŋ/
Wang Li	/pĭĕn/	/lɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ĕn/	/lɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bīn	láng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ban1	long4

Noun

檳榔

1. betel palm
2. betel nut; areca nut (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 粒 c mn)

Synonyms

• (Hokkien) 菁仔, 菁仔子, 栳箬子, 老枳

Derived terms

• 檳城／槟城 (Bīngchéng)
• 檳榔嶼／槟榔屿 (Bīngláng Yǔ)
• 檳榔攤／槟榔摊
• 檳榔芋／槟榔芋
• 檳榔西施／槟榔西施 (bīngláng xīshī)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (檳榔):

• → Japanese: 檳榔(びんろう) (binrō)
• → Korean: 빈랑(檳榔) (billang)

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #12549”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
檳	榔
びん Hyōgai	ろう Hyōgai
on'yomi

檳榔 (binrō): the Areca catechu, the areca or betel palm.

From Chinese 檳榔／槟榔 (bīngláng), itself from Malay pinang.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) びんろー [bìńróó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [bʲĩn̺ɾo̞ː]

Noun

檳(びん)榔(ろう) or 檳榔(ビンロウ) • (binrō) ^{←びんらう (binrau)?}

1. Areca catechu, the areca or betel palm

Usage notes

As with many terms in biology, this term is often spelled in katakana.

Derived terms

• 檳榔子(びんろうじ) (binrōji): areca nut, betel nut

Etymology 2

檳榔 (birō): the Chinese fan palm.

Kanji in this term
檳	榔
び Hyōgai	ろう Hyōgai
irregular

Unknown. From Chinese, but the use of this term as an alternative spelling is of uncertain derivation.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) びろー [bìróó] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) びろー [bíꜜròò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bʲiɾo̞ː]

Noun

檳(び)榔(ろう) or 檳榔(ビロウ) • (birō) ^{←びらう (birau)?}

1. Alternative spelling of 蒲葵 (birō, “Livistona chinensis, Chinese fan palm”)

Usage notes

As with many terms in biology, this term is often spelled in katakana.