牢固

Chinese

		firm; fast	hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure
simp. and trad. (牢固)		牢	固

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): láogù

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ ㄍㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴ gu³

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): láu-kò͘ / lô-kò͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: láogù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ ㄍㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: láogù
    • Wade–Giles: lao²-ku⁴
    • Yale: láu-gù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lauguh
    • Palladius: лаогу (laogu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵ ku⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lou⁴ gu³
    • Yale: lòuh gu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴ gu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴ gu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹ kuː³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu-kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: láu-kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: law'kox
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô-kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: lô-kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loi'kox
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³⁻²² kɔ²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴⁻²² kɔ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: law kuH

Rime
Character	牢	固
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	魯刀切	古暮切
Baxter	law	kuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu/	/kuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu/	/kuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu/	/koH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law/	/kɔH/
Li Rong	/lɑu/	/koH/
Wang Li	/lɑu/	/kuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑu/	/kuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láo	gù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou4	gu3

Adjective

牢固

1. firm; durable
2. (figuratively) long-lasting; durable; secure

Synonyms

• (firm):

• 堅固／坚固 (jiāngù)
• 堅實／坚实 (jiānshí)
• 堅硬／坚硬 (jiānyìng)
• 扎實
• 深厚 (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
• 牢 (láo)
• 牢牢 (láoláo)
• 牢靠 (láokào)
• 瓷 (cí)
• 穩固／稳固 (wěngù)
• 結實／结实
• 緊實／紧实 (jǐnshí)
• 鞏／巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 鞏固／巩固 (gǒnggù)

 

See also

• 加固 (jiāgù)