鍛鍊

Chinese

		forge; wrought; to discipline	refine
trad. (鍛鍊/鍛煉)		鍛	鍊/煉
simp. (锻炼)		锻	炼

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): duànliàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дуанлян (duanli͡an, III-III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dyun³ lin⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thon-lien
• Eastern Min (BUC): duáng-liêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): toàn-liān / thoàn-liān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): duêng³ liêng⁷ / duang³ liang⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵toe-li

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: duànliàn → duànlian (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄢˋ → ㄉㄨㄢˋ ˙ㄌㄧㄢ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: duànliån
    • Wade–Giles: tuan⁴-lien⁵
    • Yale: dwàn-lyan
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duann.liann
    • Palladius: дуаньлянь (duanʹljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu̯än⁵¹⁻⁵³ li̯ɛn⁵¹/ → /tu̯än⁵¹ li̯ɛn¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дуанлян (duanli͡an, III-III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuæ̃⁴⁴ liæ̃⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dyun³ lin⁶
    • Yale: dyun lihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dyn³ lin⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dün³ lin⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyːn³³ liːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thon-lien
    • Hakka Romanization System: ton lien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ton⁴ lian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰon⁵⁵ li̯en⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: duáng-liêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuaŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(l-)nˡiɛŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: toàn-liān
    • Tâi-lô: tuàn-liān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doarnlien
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tuan²¹⁻⁴¹ liɛn³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tuan¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tuan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tuan²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoàn-liān
    • Tâi-lô: thuàn-liān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: toarnlien
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuan²¹⁻⁴¹ liɛn³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰuan¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: duêng³ liêng⁷ / duang³ liang⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuèng liēng / tuàng liāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tueŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ lieŋ¹¹/, /tuaŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ liaŋ¹¹/

Note:

• duêng3 liêng7 - Chaozhou;
• duang3 liang7 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵toe-li
    • MiniDict: toe^去 li
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²toe-li
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tø³³ li⁴⁴/

Verb

鍛鍊

1. to do physical exercise; to work out

   鍛鍊身體／锻炼身体  ―  duànliàn shēntǐ  ―  to exercise

2. to temper; to steel; to forge
3. to toughen

Synonyms

• (to exercise): 活動／活动 (huódòng), 健身 (jiànshēn), 運動／运动 (yùndòng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鍛鍊):

• → Japanese: 鍛錬(たんれん) (tanren)
• → Korean: 단련(鍛鍊) (dallyeon)