-ődik
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
First attested in 1416. According to the most accepted view, its origin is the same as the -odik/-edik/-ödik suffix group with a lengthened initial vowel.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-ődik
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a new reflexive or passive intransitive verb.
Usage notes edit
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ódik is added to back vowel words
- -ődik is added to front vowel words
Conjugation edit
conjugation of -ődik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -ődöm or -ődök |
-ődsz | -ődik | -ődünk | -ődtök | -ődnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -ődtem | -ődtél | -ődött | -ődtünk | -ődtetek | -ődtek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -ődni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -ődék or -ődém |
-ődél | -őde or -ődék |
-ődénk | -ődétek | -ődének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -ődik vala, -ődött vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -ődendek (or -ődendem) |
-ődendesz (or -ődendel) |
-ődend (or -ődendik*) |
-ődendünk | -ődendetek | -ődendenek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -ődnék (or -ődném) |
-ődnél | -ődne (or -ődnék*) |
-ődnénk | -ődnétek | -ődnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ődött volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -ődjek or -ődjem |
-ődj or -ődjél |
-ődjön or -ődjék |
-ődjünk | -ődjetek | -ődjenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ődött légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -ődni | -ődnöm | -ődnöd | -ődnie | -ődnünk | -ődnötök | -ődniük | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -ődés | -ődő | -ődött | ― | -ődve (-ődvén) | |||||
potential conjugation of -ődik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -ődhetek (or -ődhetem) |
-ődhetsz (or -ődhetel) |
-ődhet (or -ődhetik) |
-ődhetünk | -ődhettek | -ődhetnek | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -ődhettem | -ődhettél | -ődhetett | -ődhettünk | -ődhettetek | -ődhettek | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -ődheték or -ődhetém |
-ődhetél | -ődhete or -ődheték |
-ődheténk | -ődhetétek | -ődhetének | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -ődhet vala, -ődhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -ődhetendek or -ődandhatok (or -ődhetendem or -ődandhatom) |
-ődhetendesz or -ődandhatsz (or -ődhetendel or -ődandhatol) |
-ődhetend or -ődandhat (or -ődhetendik or -ődandhatik*) |
-ődhetendünk or -ődandhatunk |
-ődhetendetek or -ődandhattok |
-ődhetendenek or -ődandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -ődhetnék (or -ődhetném) |
-ődhetnél | -ődhetne (or -ődhetnék*) |
-ődhetnénk | -ődhetnétek | -ődhetnének | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ődhetett volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -ődhessek (or -ődhessem) |
-ődhess or -ődhessél |
-ődhessen (or -ődhessék) |
-ődhessünk | -ődhessetek | -ődhessenek | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ődhetett légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-ődhetni) | (-ődhetnem) | (-ődhetned) | (-ődhetnie) | (-ődhetnünk) | (-ődhetnetek) | (-ődhetniük) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-ődhetve / -ődhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms edit
See also edit
References edit
- ^ -ődik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)