See also: -ódik, -ödik, and -ődik

Hungarian

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From -od (verb-forming suffix) + -ik (reflexive suffix).[1]

Suffix

edit

-odik

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, adjective, or verb to form a verb.
    hajnal (dawn) + ‎-odik → ‎hajnalodik (to dawn)
    világos (light) + ‎-odik → ‎világosodik (to become light)
Usage notes
edit
  • (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
    -odik is added to back-vowel words
    -edik is added to unrounded front-vowel words
    -ödik is added to rounded front-vowel words
Conjugation
edit
Conjugation of -odik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. -odom or
-odok
-odsz -odik -odunk -odtok -odnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. -odtam -odtál -odott -odtunk -odtatok -odtak
def.
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -odni fog.
archaic
preterite
indef. -odék -odál -oda -odánk -odátok -odának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -odik vala, -odott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. -odandok -odandasz -odand -odandunk -odandotok -odandanak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. -odnék -odnál -odna -odnánk -odnátok -odnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -odott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. -odjak  or
-odjam
-odj or
-odjál
-odjon -odjunk -odjatok -odjanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -odott légyen
infinitive -odni -odnom -odnod -odnia -odnunk -odnotok -odniuk
other
forms
verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
-odás -odó -odott -odva (-odván)
Potential conjugation of -odik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. -odhatok
(or -odhatom)
-odhatsz -odhat -odhatunk -odhattok -odhatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. -odhattam -odhattál -odhatott -odhattunk -odhattatok -odhattak
def.
2nd obj
archaic
preterite
indef. -odhaték -odhatál -odhata -odhatánk -odhatátok -odhatának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -odhat vala, -odhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. -odhatandok
or -odandhatok
-odhatandasz
or -odandhatsz
-odhatand
or -odandhat
-odhatandunk
or -odandhatunk
-odhatandotok
or -odandhattok
-odhatandanak
or -odandhatnak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. -odhatnék -odhatnál -odhatna -odhatnánk -odhatnátok -odhatnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -odhatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. -odhassak -odhass or
-odhassál
-odhasson -odhassunk -odhassatok -odhassanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -odhatott légyen
infinitive (-odhatni) (-odhatnom) (-odhatnod) (-odhatnia) (-odhatnunk) (-odhatnotok) (-odhatniuk)
other
forms
positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
(-odhatva / -odhatván)
Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From -o- (linking vowel) +‎ -dik (numeral-forming suffix).

Suffix

edit

-odik

  1. (numeral-forming suffix) -th. Added to a cardinal number to form an ordinal number.
    más (other) + ‎-odik → ‎második (second)
    hat (six) + ‎-odik → ‎hatodik (sixth)
Usage notes
edit
  • (numeral-forming suffix) It can be used with all cardinal numbers except egy (one) and kettő (two). Variants:
    -dik is added to words ending in a vowel
    -odik is added to some back-vowel words
    -adik is added to other back-vowel words
    -edik is added to unrounded front-vowel words
    -ödik is added to rounded front-vowel words
Declension
edit

or

Derived terms
edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ -odik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)