-mpi
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Hungarian -bb and the element -mb in Moksha сембе (sembe).
SuffixEdit
-mpi
- Forms comparative adjectives.
- heikko weak -> heikompi
- matala low, shallow -> matalampi
- ruma ugly -> rumempi
- suuri great, big -> suurempi
- Forms adjectives that indicate relative location from some nouns that indicate location. In most of these cases the noun has disappeared from the language as independent word but continues to exist as prefix, and some cases are used as postpositions indicating location.
Usage notesEdit
- Bisyllabic adjectives ending in -a or -ä change the final vowel to -e- before the comparative suffix is appended, but adjectives with three or more syllables do not. In compound terms only the headword counts. The stem is the same as in the genitive singular.
DeclensionEdit
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
| Inflection of -mpi (Kotus type 16/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -mpi | -mmat | |
| genitive | -mman | -mpien | |
| partitive | -mpaa | -mpia | |
| illative | -mpaan | -mpiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -mpi | -mmat | |
| accusative | nom. | -mpi | -mmat |
| gen. | -mman | ||
| genitive | -mman | -mpien -mpainrare | |
| partitive | -mpaa | -mpia | |
| inessive | -mmassa | -mmissa | |
| elative | -mmasta | -mmista | |
| illative | -mpaan | -mpiin | |
| adessive | -mmalla | -mmilla | |
| ablative | -mmalta | -mmilta | |
| allative | -mmalle | -mmille | |
| essive | -mpana | -mpina | |
| translative | -mmaksi | -mmiksi | |
| instructive | — | -mmin | |
| abessive | -mmatta | -mmitta | |
| comitative | — | -mpine | |
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
| Inflection of -mpi (Kotus type 16/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -mpi | -mmät | |
| genitive | -mmän | -mpien | |
| partitive | -mpää | -mpiä | |
| illative | -mpään | -mpiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -mpi | -mmät | |
| accusative | nom. | -mpi | -mmät |
| gen. | -mmän | ||
| genitive | -mmän | -mpien -mpäinrare | |
| partitive | -mpää | -mpiä | |
| inessive | -mmässä | -mmissä | |
| elative | -mmästä | -mmistä | |
| illative | -mpään | -mpiin | |
| adessive | -mmällä | -mmillä | |
| ablative | -mmältä | -mmiltä | |
| allative | -mmälle | -mmille | |
| essive | -mpänä | -mpinä | |
| translative | -mmäksi | -mmiksi | |
| instructive | — | -mmin | |
| abessive | -mmättä | -mmittä | |
| comitative | — | -mpine | |