-mpi
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-mpi, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-mpa. Cognate with Hungarian -bb and the element -mb in Moksha сембе (sembe) and Erzya омбо (ombo, “another”).
SuffixEdit
-mpi
- Forms comparative adjectives.
- Forms adjectives that indicate relative location from some nouns that indicate location. In most of these cases the noun has disappeared from the language as independent word but continues to exist as prefix, and some cases are used as postpositions indicating location.
Usage notesEdit
- Bisyllabic adjectives ending in -a or -ä change the final vowel to -e- before the comparative suffix is appended, but adjectives with three or more syllables do not (except in some dialects). In compound terms only the headword counts. The stem is the same as in the genitive singular. This change is likely identical to those seen in -ntaa and -ella.
DeclensionEdit
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
| Inflection of -mpi (Kotus type 16*H/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -mpi | -mmat | |
| genitive | -mman | -mpien | |
| partitive | -mpaa | -mpia | |
| illative | -mpaan | -mpiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -mpi | -mmat | |
| accusative | nom. | -mpi | -mmat |
| gen. | -mman | ||
| genitive | -mman | -mpien -mpainrare | |
| partitive | -mpaa | -mpia | |
| inessive | -mmassa | -mmissa | |
| elative | -mmasta | -mmista | |
| illative | -mpaan | -mpiin | |
| adessive | -mmalla | -mmilla | |
| ablative | -mmalta | -mmilta | |
| allative | -mmalle | -mmille | |
| essive | -mpana | -mpina | |
| translative | -mmaksi | -mmiksi | |
| instructive | — | -mmin | |
| abessive | -mmatta | -mmitta | |
| comitative | — | -mpine | |
| Possessive forms of -mpi (type vanhempi) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | -mpani | -mpamme |
| 2nd person | -mpasi | -mpanne |
| 3rd person | -mpansa | |
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
| Inflection of -mpi (Kotus type 16*H/vanhempi, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -mpi | -mmät | |
| genitive | -mmän | -mpien | |
| partitive | -mpää | -mpiä | |
| illative | -mpään | -mpiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -mpi | -mmät | |
| accusative | nom. | -mpi | -mmät |
| gen. | -mmän | ||
| genitive | -mmän | -mpien -mpäinrare | |
| partitive | -mpää | -mpiä | |
| inessive | -mmässä | -mmissä | |
| elative | -mmästä | -mmistä | |
| illative | -mpään | -mpiin | |
| adessive | -mmällä | -mmillä | |
| ablative | -mmältä | -mmiltä | |
| allative | -mmälle | -mmille | |
| essive | -mpänä | -mpinä | |
| translative | -mmäksi | -mmiksi | |
| instructive | — | -mmin | |
| abessive | -mmättä | -mmittä | |
| comitative | — | -mpine | |
| Possessive forms of -mpi (type vanhempi) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | -mpäni | -mpämme |
| 2nd person | -mpäsi | -mpänne |
| 3rd person | -mpänsä | |