ruma
Betawi
editEtymology
editFrom Classical Malay rumah, from Proto-Malayic *rumah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editruma
- house (abode)
- house (building used for something other than a residence)
- Synonym: gedong
- house (shell of an animal such as a snail, used for protection)
- home (house or structure in which someone lives)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
editFinnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)
- ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)
- Synonyms: epäesteettinen, pahannäköinen
- Antonym: kaunis
- ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)
- dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)
- ruma sana ― dirty word
Declension
editInflection of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ruma | rumat | |
genitive | ruman | rumien | |
partitive | rumaa | rumia | |
illative | rumaan | rumiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ruma | rumat | |
accusative | nom. | ruma | rumat |
gen. | ruman | ||
genitive | ruman | rumien rumain rare | |
partitive | rumaa | rumia | |
inessive | rumassa | rumissa | |
elative | rumasta | rumista | |
illative | rumaan | rumiin | |
adessive | rumalla | rumilla | |
ablative | rumalta | rumilta | |
allative | rumalle | rumille | |
essive | rumana | rumina | |
translative | rumaksi | rumiksi | |
abessive | rumatta | rumitta | |
instructive | — | rumin | |
comitative | — | rumine |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “ruma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
editGothic
editRomanization
editrūma
- romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰
Hiri Motu
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.
Noun
editruma
- house (abode)
Ingrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.
Pronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ]
- Rhymes: -umɑ
- Hyphenation: ru‧ma
Noun
editruma
Declension
editDeclension of ruma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ruma | rumat |
genitive | ruman | rummiin |
partitive | rummaa | rummia |
illative | rummaa | rummii |
inessive | rumas | rumis |
elative | rumast | rumist |
allative | rumalle | rumille |
adessive | rumal | rumil |
ablative | rumalt | rumilt |
translative | rumaks | rumiks |
essive | rumanna, rummaan | ruminna, rummiin |
exessive1) | rumant | rumint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms
edit- (low-quality): prostoi
References
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491
Kikuyu
editPronunciation
editVerb
editruma (infinitive kũruma)
Derived terms
edit(Proverbs)
Related terms
edit(Nouns)
- kĩrumi class 7
References
edit- Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).
Latin
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈruː.ma], [ˈrʊ.ma]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈruː.ma]
- The length of the U is not directly attested. It should be short based on the attested short vowel in the derivative irrumō, but a pronunciation with long ū may have developed due to influence from and conflation with rūmen.[1]
Etymology 1
editUnknown. Possibly from Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum).
Noun
editrū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension
- (anatomy) udder, teat, breast
- 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Logistorici 7.2, (as cited by Nonius):
- Ruminae propter rumam, id est prisco vocabulo mammam
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Ruminae propter rumam, id est prisco vocabulo mammam
- c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione 266:
- Romulum quidam a fico Ruminali, ali quod lupae ruma nutritus est, appellatum esse ineptissime dixerunt.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Romulum quidam a fico Ruminali, ali quod lupae ruma nutritus est, appellatum esse ineptissime dixerunt.
- Augustine of Hippo, De Civitate Dei 7.11:
- Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diuersas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia uinceret, quod a nemine uinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia.
- 1963 translation by William M. Green
- The pagans have called Jupiter by the titles Victor, Invictus, Opitulus, Impulsor, Stator, Centumpeda, Supinalis, Tigillus, Almus, Ruminus, and still others which it would be tedious to enumerate. They have applied all these names to one god for various reasons and because of his various powers. But they have not, though there are so many functions, compelled him to become as many different gods. The functions are that he is victor over all, and invincible, and brings help to the needy, and has the power of impelling, of causing to stand, of stabilizing, and of laying flat; because he maintains and sustains the world like a beam; because he nourishes all things, and nourishes all animals by the breast (ruma).
- 1963 translation by William M. Green
- Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diuersas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia uinceret, quod a nemine uinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia.
Declension
editFirst-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | rū̆ma | rū̆mae |
genitive | rū̆mae | rū̆mārum |
dative | rū̆mae | rū̆mīs |
accusative | rū̆mam | rū̆mās |
ablative | rū̆mā | rū̆mīs |
vocative | rū̆ma | rū̆mae |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom rūmen.
Noun
editrūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension
- (anatomy) throat, gullet
- Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros 8.90.9:
- Quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- Quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur.
- (anatomy) rumen
- Synonym: rūmen
- stomach, abdomen
Declension
editFirst-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | rūma | rūmae |
genitive | rūmae | rūmārum |
dative | rūmae | rūmīs |
accusative | rūmam | rūmās |
ablative | rūmā | rūmīs |
vocative | rūma | rūmae |
References
edit- ^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “ruma”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 580
Further reading
edit- “ruma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- "ruma", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Lower Sorbian
editPronunciation
editNoun
editruma
- inflection of rum:
Muduapa
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.
Noun
editruma
- house (abode)
Old English
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editrūma
- inflection of rūm:
Noun
editrūma
Portuguese
editVerb
editruma
- inflection of rumar:
Puyuma
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.
Noun
editruma
References
edit- Stacy Fang-Ching Teng (鄧芳青), A Reference Grammar Of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language Of Taiwan, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2008.
Venda
editVerb
editruma
- to send
Veps
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.
Adjective
editruma
Inflection
editInflection of ruma (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | ruma | ||
genitive sing. | ruman | ||
partitive sing. | rumad | ||
partitive plur. | rumid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ruma | rumad | |
accusative | ruman | rumad | |
genitive | ruman | rumiden | |
partitive | rumad | rumid | |
essive-instructive | ruman | rumin | |
translative | rumaks | rumikš | |
inessive | rumas | rumiš | |
elative | rumaspäi | rumišpäi | |
illative | rumaha | rumihe | |
adessive | rumal | rumil | |
ablative | rumalpäi | rumilpäi | |
allative | rumale | rumile | |
abessive | rumata | rumita | |
comitative | rumanke | rumidenke | |
prolative | rumadme | rumidme | |
approximative I | rumanno | rumidenno | |
approximative II | rumannoks | rumidennoks | |
egressive | rumannopäi | rumidennopäi | |
terminative I | rumahasai | rumihesai | |
terminative II | rumalesai | rumilesai | |
terminative III | rumassai | — | |
additive I | rumahapäi | rumihepäi | |
additive II | rumalepäi | rumilepäi |
References
edit- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “грубый, некрасивый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Votic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *ruma.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editruma
Inflection
editDeclension of ruma (type V/poikõ, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ruma | rumad |
genitive | ruma | rumijõ, rumii |
partitive | rumma | rumiitõ, rumii |
illative | rummasõ, rumma | rumiisõ |
inessive | rumaz | rumiiz |
elative | rumassõ | rumiissõ |
allative | rumalõ | rumiilõ |
adessive | rumallõ | rumiillõ |
ablative | rumaltõ | rumiiltõ |
translative | rumassi | rumiissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
References
edit- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ruma”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
- Betawi terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Betawi terms derived from Classical Malay
- Betawi terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Betawi terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Betawi terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Betawi terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Betawi terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Betawi terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Betawi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Betawi/a
- Betawi lemmas
- Betawi nouns
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from North Germanic languages
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish adjectives
- Finnish terms with usage examples
- Finnish terms with collocations
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Hiri Motu lemmas
- Hiri Motu nouns
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- Kikuyu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kikuyu lemmas
- Kikuyu verbs
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms borrowed from Etruscan
- Latin terms derived from Etruscan
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin first declension nouns
- Latin feminine nouns in the first declension
- Latin feminine nouns
- la:Anatomy
- Latin terms with quotations
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/uma
- Rhymes:Lower Sorbian/uma/2 syllables
- Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms
- Lower Sorbian noun forms
- Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Muduapa lemmas
- Muduapa nouns
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English non-lemma forms
- Old English adjective forms
- Old English noun forms
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Puyuma terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Puyuma terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Puyuma lemmas
- Puyuma nouns
- Puyuma terms with usage examples
- Venda lemmas
- Venda verbs
- Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Veps terms derived from North Germanic languages
- Veps lemmas
- Veps adjectives
- Veps kuva-type nominals
- Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/umɑ
- Rhymes:Votic/umɑ/2 syllables
- Votic lemmas
- Votic adjectives
- Votic poikõ-type nominals