Wiktionary

ruma

See also: Ruma, rúma, rūma, and rũma

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -umɑ
  • Syllabification(key): ru‧ma

Adjective edit

ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)

  1. ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)
    Synonyms: epäesteettinen, pahannäköinen
    Antonym: kaunis
  2. ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)
    Synonyms: moraaliton, ikävä, ilkeä, kelju, kurja, paha
    Hän teki meille ruman tempun. ― He played a dirty trick on us.
  3. dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)
    ruma sana ― dirty word

Declension edit

Inflection of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative ruma rumat
genitive ruman rumien
partitive rumaa rumia
illative rumaan rumiin
singular plural
nominative ruma rumat
accusative nom. ruma rumat
gen. ruman
genitive ruman rumien
rumainrare
partitive rumaa rumia
inessive rumassa rumissa
elative rumasta rumista
illative rumaan rumiin
adessive rumalla rumilla
ablative rumalta rumilta
allative rumalle rumille
essive rumana rumina
translative rumaksi rumiksi
abessive rumatta rumitta
instructive — rumin
comitative — rumine
Possessive forms of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rumani rumani
accusative nom. rumani rumani
gen. rumani
genitive rumani rumieni
rumainirare
partitive rumaani rumiani
inessive rumassani rumissani
elative rumastani rumistani
illative rumaani rumiini
adessive rumallani rumillani
ablative rumaltani rumiltani
allative rumalleni rumilleni
essive rumanani ruminani
translative rumakseni rumikseni
abessive rumattani rumittani
instructive — —
comitative — rumineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rumasi rumasi
accusative nom. rumasi rumasi
gen. rumasi
genitive rumasi rumiesi
rumaisirare
partitive rumaasi rumiasi
inessive rumassasi rumissasi
elative rumastasi rumistasi
illative rumaasi rumiisi
adessive rumallasi rumillasi
ablative rumaltasi rumiltasi
allative rumallesi rumillesi
essive rumanasi ruminasi
translative rumaksesi rumiksesi
abessive rumattasi rumittasi
instructive — —
comitative — ruminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rumamme rumamme
accusative nom. rumamme rumamme
gen. rumamme
genitive rumamme rumiemme
rumaimmerare
partitive rumaamme rumiamme
inessive rumassamme rumissamme
elative rumastamme rumistamme
illative rumaamme rumiimme
adessive rumallamme rumillamme
ablative rumaltamme rumiltamme
allative rumallemme rumillemme
essive rumanamme ruminamme
translative rumaksemme rumiksemme
abessive rumattamme rumittamme
instructive — —
comitative — ruminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rumanne rumanne
accusative nom. rumanne rumanne
gen. rumanne
genitive rumanne rumienne
rumainnerare
partitive rumaanne rumianne
inessive rumassanne rumissanne
elative rumastanne rumistanne
illative rumaanne rumiinne
adessive rumallanne rumillanne
ablative rumaltanne rumiltanne
allative rumallenne rumillenne
essive rumananne ruminanne
translative rumaksenne rumiksenne
abessive rumattanne rumittanne
instructive — —
comitative — ruminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative rumansa rumansa
accusative nom. rumansa rumansa
gen. rumansa
genitive rumansa rumiensa
rumainsarare
partitive rumaansa rumiaan
rumiansa
inessive rumassaan
rumassansa 		rumissaan
rumissansa
elative rumastaan
rumastansa 		rumistaan
rumistansa
illative rumaansa rumiinsa
adessive rumallaan
rumallansa 		rumillaan
rumillansa
ablative rumaltaan
rumaltansa 		rumiltaan
rumiltansa
allative rumalleen
rumallensa 		rumilleen
rumillensa
essive rumanaan
rumanansa 		ruminaan
ruminansa
translative rumakseen
rumaksensa 		rumikseen
rumiksensa
abessive rumattaan
rumattansa 		rumittaan
rumittansa
instructive — —
comitative — rumineen
ruminensa

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Gothic edit

Romanization edit

rūma

  1. Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰

Hiri Motu edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

Noun edit

ruma

  1. house (abode)

Ingrian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ruma

  1. ugly
  2. bad, poor (of low quality)

Declension edit

Declension of ruma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative ruma rumat
genitive ruman rummiin
partitive rummaa rummia
illative rummaa rummii
inessive rumas rumis
elative rumast rumist
allative rumalle rumille
adessive rumal rumil
ablative rumalt rumilt
translative rumaks rumiks
essive rumanna, rummaan ruminna, rummiin
exessive1) rumant rumint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms edit

References edit

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491

Kikuyu edit

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

ruma (infinitive kũruma)

  1. to curse, to abuse

Derived terms edit

(Proverbs)

Related terms edit

(Nouns)

References edit

  • Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

Latin edit

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈruː.ma/, [ˈruːmä] or IPA(key): /ˈru.ma/, [ˈrʊmä]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.ma/, [ˈruːmä]
  • The length of the U is not directly attested. It should be short based on the attested short vowel in the derivative irrumō, but a pronunciation with long ū may have developed due to influence from and conflation with rūmen.[1]

Etymology 1 edit

Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan [Term?].

Noun edit

rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension

  1. (anatomy) udder, teat
    Synonyms: ūber, sūmen
Declension edit

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative rū̆ma rū̆mae
Genitive rū̆mae rū̆mārum
Dative rū̆mae rū̆mīs
Accusative rū̆mam rū̆mās
Ablative rū̆mā rū̆mīs
Vocative rū̆ma rū̆mae
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

The same as rūmen.

Noun edit

rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension

  1. (anatomy) rumen
    Synonym: rūmen
  2. stomach, abdomen
    Synonyms: venter, pantex
Declension edit

First-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative rūma rūmae
Genitive rūmae rūmārum
Dative rūmae rūmīs
Accusative rūmam rūmās
Ablative rūmā rūmīs
Vocative rūma rūmae

References edit

  1. ^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “ruma”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 580

Lower Sorbian edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

ruma

  1. inflection of rum:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative/accusative dual

Muduapa edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

Noun edit

ruma

  1. house (abode)

Portuguese edit

Verb edit

ruma

  1. inflection of rumar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Puyuma edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

Noun edit

ruma

  1. house; home
    naniyam ruma piyalaudr tu pitaun.
    The door of our house is to the east.

References edit

  • Stacy Fang-Ching Teng (鄧芳青), A Reference Grammar Of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language Of Taiwan, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2008.

Venda edit

Verb edit

ruma

  1. to send

Veps edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.

Adjective edit

ruma

  1. ugly
  2. coarse, rough

Inflection edit

Inflection of ruma (inflection type 6/kuva)
nominative sing. ruma
genitive sing. ruman
partitive sing. rumad
partitive plur. rumid
singular plural
nominative ruma rumad
accusative ruman rumad
genitive ruman rumiden
partitive rumad rumid
essive-instructive ruman rumin
translative rumaks rumikš
inessive rumas rumiš
elative rumaspäi rumišpäi
illative rumaha rumihe
adessive rumal rumil
ablative rumalpäi rumilpäi
allative rumale rumile
abessive rumata rumita
comitative rumanke rumidenke
prolative rumadme rumidme
approximative I rumanno rumidenno
approximative II rumannoks rumidennoks
egressive rumannopäi rumidennopäi
terminative I rumahasai rumihesai
terminative II rumalesai rumilesai
terminative III rumassai —
additive I rumahapäi rumihepäi
additive II rumalepäi rumilepäi

References edit

  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “грубый, некрасивый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *ruma.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ]
  • Rhymes: -umɑ
  • Hyphenation: ru‧ma

Adjective edit

ruma

  1. plain, bare
  2. rough
  3. bad, poor
  4. ugly

Inflection edit

Declension of ruma (type V/poikõ, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative ruma rumad
genitive ruma rumijõ, rumii
partitive rumma rumiitõ, rumii
illative rummasõ, rumma rumiisõ
inessive rumaz rumiiz
elative rumassõ rumiissõ
allative rumalõ rumiilõ
adessive rumallõ rumiillõ
ablative rumaltõ rumiiltõ
translative rumassi rumiissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References edit

  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ruma”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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