See also: Ruma, rúma, rūma, and rũma

Betawi

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Etymology

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From Classical Malay rumah, from Proto-Malayic *rumah, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ruma/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: ru‧ma

Noun

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ruma

  1. house (abode)
  2. house (building used for something other than a residence)
    Synonym: gedong
  3. house (shell of an animal such as a snail, used for protection)
  4. home (house or structure in which someone lives)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Chaer, A. (2009) [1976] “ruma”, in Kamus dialek Jakarta [Dictionary of the Jakarta dialect], revised edition (in Indonesian), Depok: Masup Jakarta, →ISBN, page 393

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (stupid), Ingrian ruma (ugly), Livonian rumāli (dirty), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (ugly; coarse) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrumɑ/, [ˈrumɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -umɑ
  • Syllabification(key): ru‧ma
  • Hyphenation(key): ru‧ma

Adjective

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ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)

  1. ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)
    Synonyms: epäesteettinen, pahannäköinen
    Antonym: kaunis
  2. ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)
    Synonyms: moraaliton, ikävä, ilkeä, kelju, kurja, paha
    Hän teki meille ruman tempun.He played a dirty trick on us.
  3. dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)
    ruma sanadirty word

Declension

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Inflection of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative ruma rumat
genitive ruman rumien
partitive rumaa rumia
illative rumaan rumiin
singular plural
nominative ruma rumat
accusative nom. ruma rumat
gen. ruman
genitive ruman rumien
rumain rare
partitive rumaa rumia
inessive rumassa rumissa
elative rumasta rumista
illative rumaan rumiin
adessive rumalla rumilla
ablative rumalta rumilta
allative rumalle rumille
essive rumana rumina
translative rumaksi rumiksi
abessive rumatta rumitta
instructive rumin
comitative rumine
Possessive forms of ruma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rumani rumani
accusative nom. rumani rumani
gen. rumani
genitive rumani rumieni
rumaini rare
partitive rumaani rumiani
inessive rumassani rumissani
elative rumastani rumistani
illative rumaani rumiini
adessive rumallani rumillani
ablative rumaltani rumiltani
allative rumalleni rumilleni
essive rumanani ruminani
translative rumakseni rumikseni
abessive rumattani rumittani
instructive
comitative rumineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative rumasi rumasi
accusative nom. rumasi rumasi
gen. rumasi
genitive rumasi rumiesi
rumaisi rare
partitive rumaasi rumiasi
inessive rumassasi rumissasi
elative rumastasi rumistasi
illative rumaasi rumiisi
adessive rumallasi rumillasi
ablative rumaltasi rumiltasi
allative rumallesi rumillesi
essive rumanasi ruminasi
translative rumaksesi rumiksesi
abessive rumattasi rumittasi
instructive
comitative ruminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rumamme rumamme
accusative nom. rumamme rumamme
gen. rumamme
genitive rumamme rumiemme
rumaimme rare
partitive rumaamme rumiamme
inessive rumassamme rumissamme
elative rumastamme rumistamme
illative rumaamme rumiimme
adessive rumallamme rumillamme
ablative rumaltamme rumiltamme
allative rumallemme rumillemme
essive rumanamme ruminamme
translative rumaksemme rumiksemme
abessive rumattamme rumittamme
instructive
comitative ruminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative rumanne rumanne
accusative nom. rumanne rumanne
gen. rumanne
genitive rumanne rumienne
rumainne rare
partitive rumaanne rumianne
inessive rumassanne rumissanne
elative rumastanne rumistanne
illative rumaanne rumiinne
adessive rumallanne rumillanne
ablative rumaltanne rumiltanne
allative rumallenne rumillenne
essive rumananne ruminanne
translative rumaksenne rumiksenne
abessive rumattanne rumittanne
instructive
comitative ruminenne

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Gothic

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Romanization

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rūma

  1. romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰

Hiri Motu

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

Noun

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ruma

  1. house (abode)

Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ruma

  1. ugly
  2. bad, poor (of low quality)

Declension

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Declension of ruma (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
singular plural
nominative ruma rumat
genitive ruman rummiin
partitive rummaa rummia
illative rummaa rummii
inessive rumas rumis
elative rumast rumist
allative rumalle rumille
adessive rumal rumil
ablative rumalt rumilt
translative rumaks rumiks
essive rumanna, rummaan ruminna, rummiin
exessive1) rumant rumint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Synonyms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491

Kikuyu

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ruma (infinitive kũruma)

  1. to curse, to abuse

Derived terms

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(Proverbs)

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(Nouns)

References

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  • Armstrong, Lilias E. (1940). The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Kikuyu, p. 363. Rep. 1967. (Also in 2018 by Routledge).

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈruː.ma], [ˈrʊ.ma]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈruː.ma]
  • The length of the U is not directly attested. It should be short based on the attested short vowel in the derivative irrumō, but a pronunciation with long ū may have developed due to influence from and conflation with rūmen.[1]

Etymology 1

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    Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum).

    Noun

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    rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension

    1. (anatomy) udder, teat, breast
      Synonyms: ūber, sūmen
      • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Logistorici 7.2, (as cited by Nonius):
        Ruminae propter rumam, id est prisco vocabulo mammam
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      • c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione 266:
        Romulum quidam a fico Ruminali, ali quod lupae ruma nutritus est, appellatum esse ineptissime dixerunt.
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      • Augustine of Hippo, De Civitate Dei 7.11:
        Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diuersas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia uinceret, quod a nemine uinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia.
        • 1963 translation by William M. Green
          The pagans have called Jupiter by the titles Victor, Invictus, Opitulus, Impulsor, Stator, Centumpeda, Supinalis, Tigillus, Almus, Ruminus, and still others which it would be tedious to enumerate. They have applied all these names to one god for various reasons and because of his various powers. But they have not, though there are so many functions, compelled him to become as many different gods. The functions are that he is victor over all, and invincible, and brings help to the needy, and has the power of impelling, of causing to stand, of stabilizing, and of laying flat; because he maintains and sustains the world like a beam; because he nourishes all things, and nourishes all animals by the breast (ruma).
    Declension
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    First-declension noun.

    singular plural
    nominative rū̆ma rū̆mae
    genitive rū̆mae rū̆mārum
    dative rū̆mae rū̆mīs
    accusative rū̆mam rū̆mās
    ablative rū̆mā rū̆mīs
    vocative rū̆ma rū̆mae
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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      From rūmen.

      Noun

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      rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension

      1. (anatomy) throat, gullet
        • Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros 8.90.9:
          Quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur.
          (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      2. (anatomy) rumen
        Synonym: rūmen
      3. stomach, abdomen
        Synonyms: venter, pantex
      Declension
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      First-declension noun.

      References

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      1. ^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “ruma”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 580

      Further reading

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      Lower Sorbian

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈru.ma/
      • Rhymes: -uma
      • Syllabification: ru‧ma

      Noun

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      ruma

      1. inflection of rum:
        1. genitive singular
        2. nominative/accusative dual

      Muduapa

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

      Noun

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      ruma

      1. house (abode)

      Old English

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      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      rūma

      1. inflection of rūm:
        1. strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
        2. weak nominative masculine singular

      Noun

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      rūma

      1. genitive plural of rūm

      Portuguese

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      Verb

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      ruma

      1. inflection of rumar:
        1. third-person singular present indicative
        2. second-person singular imperative

      Puyuma

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.

      Noun

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      ruma

      1. house; home
        naniyam ruma piyalaudr tu pitaun.
        The door of our house is to the east.

      References

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      • Stacy Fang-Ching Teng (鄧芳青), A Reference Grammar Of Puyuma, An Austronesian Language Of Taiwan, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2008.

      Venda

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      Verb

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      ruma

      1. to send

      Veps

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.

      Adjective

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      ruma

      1. ugly
      2. coarse, rough

      Inflection

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      Inflection of ruma (inflection type 6/kuva)
      nominative sing. ruma
      genitive sing. ruman
      partitive sing. rumad
      partitive plur. rumid
      singular plural
      nominative ruma rumad
      accusative ruman rumad
      genitive ruman rumiden
      partitive rumad rumid
      essive-instructive ruman rumin
      translative rumaks rumikš
      inessive rumas rumiš
      elative rumaspäi rumišpäi
      illative rumaha rumihe
      adessive rumal rumil
      ablative rumalpäi rumilpäi
      allative rumale rumile
      abessive rumata rumita
      comitative rumanke rumidenke
      prolative rumadme rumidme
      approximative I rumanno rumidenno
      approximative II rumannoks rumidennoks
      egressive rumannopäi rumidennopäi
      terminative I rumahasai rumihesai
      terminative II rumalesai rumilesai
      terminative III rumassai
      additive I rumahapäi rumihepäi
      additive II rumalepäi rumilepäi

      References

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      • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “грубый, некрасивый”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

      Votic

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      Etymology

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      From Proto-Finnic *ruma.

      Pronunciation

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      Adjective

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      ruma

      1. plain, bare
      2. rough
      3. bad, poor
      4. ugly

      Inflection

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      Declension of ruma (type V/poikõ, no gradation)
      singular plural
      nominative ruma rumad
      genitive ruma rumijõ, rumii
      partitive rumma rumiitõ, rumii
      illative rummasõ, rumma rumiisõ
      inessive rumaz rumiiz
      elative rumassõ rumiissõ
      allative rumalõ rumiilõ
      adessive rumallõ rumiillõ
      ablative rumaltõ rumiiltõ
      translative rumassi rumiissi
      *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
      **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
      ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

      References

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      • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “ruma”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn