See also: ttu

Finnish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-ttu, from *-tta- (passive infix) + an uncertain suffix, probably either *-u or *-ut (compare *-nut).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-tːu(ˣ)/, [-t̪ːu(ʔ)]

Suffix

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-ttu (front vowel harmony variant -tty, linguistic notation -ttU)

  1. Forms the past passive participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective. The English equivalent is normally -ed.
    katsoa (to see, look, watch) + ‎-ttu → ‎katsottu ((that has been) seen, watched)

Usage notes

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  • Some inflected forms have specific uses:
    • genitive singular: used with verbs of reporting or observing to refer to the action having been done by someone (passively) according to that report or observation.
      Artikkelia sanotaan luetun paljon Suomen kouluissa.It is said that this article has been read a lot in Finnish schools.
    • partitive singular:
      1. used (chiefly) with a possessive suffix for "having done", "after X had done"
        Syötyäni päätin ottaa nokoset.Having eaten, I decided to take a nap.
      2. used with saada to express finishing something, often in the sense of an achievement
        Sain sen syötyä.I managed to eat it.
      3. used with tulla without a possessive suffix to disparagingly talk about something someone has done
        Mitä tuli sanottua?What did you (just) say (to me)?

Declension

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Inflection of -ttu (Kotus type 1*C/valo, tt-t gradation)
nominative -ttu -tut
genitive -tun -ttujen
partitive -ttua -ttuja
illative -ttuun -ttuihin
singular plural
nominative -ttu -tut
accusative nom. -ttu -tut
gen. -tun
genitive -tun -ttujen
partitive -ttua -ttuja
inessive -tussa -tuissa
elative -tusta -tuista
illative -ttuun -ttuihin
adessive -tulla -tuilla
ablative -tulta -tuilta
allative -tulle -tuille
essive -ttuna -ttuina
translative -tuksi -tuiksi
abessive -tutta -tuitta
instructive -tuin
comitative -ttuine
Possessive forms of -ttu (Kotus type 1*C/valo, tt-t gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttuni -ttuni
accusative nom. -ttuni -ttuni
gen. -ttuni
genitive -ttuni -ttujeni
partitive -ttuani -ttujani
inessive -tussani -tuissani
elative -tustani -tuistani
illative -ttuuni -ttuihini
adessive -tullani -tuillani
ablative -tultani -tuiltani
allative -tulleni -tuilleni
essive -ttunani -ttuinani
translative -tukseni -tuikseni
abessive -tuttani -tuittani
instructive
comitative -ttuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttusi -ttusi
accusative nom. -ttusi -ttusi
gen. -ttusi
genitive -ttusi -ttujesi
partitive -ttuasi -ttujasi
inessive -tussasi -tuissasi
elative -tustasi -tuistasi
illative -ttuusi -ttuihisi
adessive -tullasi -tuillasi
ablative -tultasi -tuiltasi
allative -tullesi -tuillesi
essive -ttunasi -ttuinasi
translative -tuksesi -tuiksesi
abessive -tuttasi -tuittasi
instructive
comitative -ttuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttumme -ttumme
accusative nom. -ttumme -ttumme
gen. -ttumme
genitive -ttumme -ttujemme
partitive -ttuamme -ttujamme
inessive -tussamme -tuissamme
elative -tustamme -tuistamme
illative -ttuumme -ttuihimme
adessive -tullamme -tuillamme
ablative -tultamme -tuiltamme
allative -tullemme -tuillemme
essive -ttunamme -ttuinamme
translative -tuksemme -tuiksemme
abessive -tuttamme -tuittamme
instructive
comitative -ttuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttunne -ttunne
accusative nom. -ttunne -ttunne
gen. -ttunne
genitive -ttunne -ttujenne
partitive -ttuanne -ttujanne
inessive -tussanne -tuissanne
elative -tustanne -tuistanne
illative -ttuunne -ttuihinne
adessive -tullanne -tuillanne
ablative -tultanne -tuiltanne
allative -tullenne -tuillenne
essive -ttunanne -ttuinanne
translative -tuksenne -tuiksenne
abessive -tuttanne -tuittanne
instructive
comitative -ttuinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -ttunsa -ttunsa
accusative nom. -ttunsa -ttunsa
gen. -ttunsa
genitive -ttunsa -ttujensa
partitive -ttuaan
-ttuansa
-ttujaan
-ttujansa
inessive -tussaan
-tussansa
-tuissaan
-tuissansa
elative -tustaan
-tustansa
-tuistaan
-tuistansa
illative -ttuunsa -ttuihinsa
adessive -tullaan
-tullansa
-tuillaan
-tuillansa
ablative -tultaan
-tultansa
-tuiltaan
-tuiltansa
allative -tulleen
-tullensa
-tuilleen
-tuillensa
essive -ttunaan
-ttunansa
-ttuinaan
-ttuinansa
translative -tukseen
-tuksensa
-tuikseen
-tuiksensa
abessive -tuttaan
-tuttansa
-tuittaan
-tuittansa
instructive
comitative -ttuineen
-ttuinensa

Derived terms

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